The progress toward a commercial solid oxide fuel cell ͑SOFC͒ continues to be a slow struggle due to materials, stacking, and system challenges. One long-term challenge has been the search for suitable cathode materials for use on intermediate ͑650-800°C͒ yttria-stabilized zirconia ͑YSZ͒ electrolytes and low-temperature ͑500-650°C͒ gadolinia-doped ceria ͑CGO͒ electrolytes. The present study has identified La͑Sr͒FeO 3 and possibly Pr͑Sr͒FeO 3 as potential cathode materials for YSZ. A La-deficient La͑Sr͒FeO 3 cathode has achieved an area-specific resistance of 0.1 ⍀ cm 2 at 800°C, with stable long-term performance. On CGO, Pr͑Sr͒CoO 3 , Gd͑Sr͒CoO 3 , and Sr͑Co/Fe) 1.5 O 3.25 have all achieved an area-specific resistance close to 0.1 ⍀ cm 2 at 650°C, with relatively stable long-term performance, but further reduction in temperature to 600°C is necessary for efficient CGO operation.
A series of cysteine-stabilized phenolic resin-based polymer and carbon spheres were prepared by the modified Stöber method. Cysteine plays a very important role in the proposed one-pot synthesis of the aforementioned spheres; namely, it acts as a particle stabilizer and a source of heteroatoms (nitrogen and sulfur) that can be introduced into these spheres. The diameter of these spheres can be tuned in the range of 70-610 nm by adjusting the cysteine amount and reaction temperature. Since polymer spheres obtained in the presence of cysteine contain sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms, they were tested for adsorption of copper ions. It is shown that adsorption isotherms recorded for copper ions can be well fitted by Langmuir equation, giving unprecedented adsorption capacities up to ~65 mg/g.
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