Pulse jet mixer technology has been selected for implementation in the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant. However, processing non-Newtonian fluids using this technology is not mature. Experiments were conducted at several scales to develop an understanding of the scaling mechanisms that govern this type of mixer performance.
X 7-11 Case 2 Temperature Profiles Comparison, W = 1.25 gpm, COBRA and Experimental Data, Tout-T i n = 33°F 7-12 Case 3 Temperature Profiles Comparison, W = 2.47 gpm, CCBRA and Experimental Data, Tout-T i n = 31°F TABLES Average Run Conditions. Experimental Run Matrix. Uncertainty Values. Standard COBRA-IV-I Input Case 1 Subchannels 8 to 14 Temperatures, COBRA and Experimental Data. Case 2 Subchannels 8 to 14 Temperatures, COBRA and Experimental Data. Case 3 Subchannels 8 to 14 Temperatures, COBRA and Experimental Data. Case 1 COBRA Subchannel Average Velocities. Case 2 COBRA Subchannel Average Velocities. Case 3 COBRA Subchannel Average Velocities .
An experimental study was performed to obtain local fluid velocity and temperature measurements in the mixed (combined free and forced) convection regime for specific flow coastdown transients. A brief investigation of steady-state flows for the purely free-convection regime was also completed. The study was performed using an electrically heated 2 x 6 rod bundle contained in a flow housing. In addition a transient data base was obtained for evaluating the COBRA-We thermal-hydraulic computer program (a modified version of the COBRA-IV code).The objective of the study was to develop an understanding of the thermalhydraulic phenomena at low flows in a rod bundle subjected to lateral power skews. Test conditions included 500-, 300-, 150-and 45-second flow coastdown transients, a Reynolds number range of -90 to -1300, and power skews of 1:0, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1. The dimensionless group Gr*/Re 2 , which represents the ratio of buoyancy to inertial forces, was varied in the range 0.0 to 2.4 at selected lateral power skews. Flow recirculation zones were detected in the bundle during transient conditions at large ratios of buoyancy to inertial forces as indicated by the measurements of downward flow in the colder subchannels and upward flow in the hotter subchannels. No flow recirculation was detected in the bundle at steady-state conditions except at extremely low Reynolds numbers where heat loss and/or hydraulic effects of the discharge geometry become important. The length of the recirculation zone in the axial direction was observed to be dependent on rod power level, the lateral power skew, and the total flow rate.The data were compared to predictions obtained with the COBRA-We computer code. COBRA-We satisfactorily predicted the measured bundle subchannel velocity and temperature histories. At Reynolds numbers below 450 an improvement in the turbulent mixing model in COBRA-We was required to satisfactorily predict experimental results. This improvement was necessary because as the magnitude of the buoyancy forces increased, thermal plumes grew laterally as they moved axially upward. When adjacent thermal plumes interacted, turbulence was v generated which appeared to promote lateral mlxlng between subchannels. A model incorporating the enhanced turbulent mixing due to the thermal plume interactions was used to improve the COBRA-We predictions at large ratios of Gr*/Re 2 . The enhanced turbulent mixing parameter was correlated as a function of Grashof and Reynolds numbers (Gr/Re 2 ) and the ratio of local heat generating rate to the bundle average heat generation rate.vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Westinghouse Hanford Company plans to install mixer pumps in doubleshell waste tanks to mobilize and suspend settled sludge to allow eventual retrieval for treatment and permanent storage. The mixer pumps produce high momentum, horizontally directed jets that impact and mobilize the sludge and mix it into slurry for removal. There is concern that the force of the jet 1 may damage tank internal components in its path.. . Scaled experiments were conducted to characterize the velocity profiles of the floor jet and to quantify the drag coefficients and impact forces for three tank components: radiation dry well, air lift circulator, and steam coil. '(The scale model force measurement results show that drag coefficients agree with literature values and indicate that waste tank operations within the range of investigation will not encounter dramatic changes in drag coefficient with varying flow rate or distance from the nozzle.
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