ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to determine reference values of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen in 32 clinically healthy bitches. The average age of the bitches in each group was as follows: small breeds 3.50 ± 2.30, medium breeds 3.83 ± 3.21, large breeds 6.00 ± 3.22 and giant breeds 2.40 ± 2.43. The average weight in each group was as follows: 1 st group 7.94 kg ± 1.84, 2 nd group 22.38 kg ± 2.77, 3 rd group 35.94 kg ± 7.16, and 4 th group 52.75 kg ± 5.04. The cancer markers were determined using human kits. The mean values of the carcinoembryotic antigen markers ± SD were as follows: 1 st group 0.18 ± 0.03, 2 nd group 0.20 ± 0.03, 3 rd group 0.22 ± 0.01, 4 th group 0.18 ± 0.04. The statistical significance for the carcinoembryonic antigen markers was P = 0.0042**.The values of cancer antigen markers ± SD were: 4.90 ± 1.04, 4.80 ± 1.13, 5.90 ± 1.22, and 4.72 ± 0.97, respectively. The cancer antigen values were statistically insignificant (P = 0.1762). Based on obtained values of the mean 95%, we expect a standard for carcinoembryonic antigen of 0.00-0.23 ng/ml and for cancer antigen 0.0-7.00 IU/ml. The results of the present study show that it is possible to use human kits for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen in clinically healthy bitches using the radioimmunoassay method. Cancers in human medicine, like in veterinary medicine, have a tendency to grow and are a result of various external and internal factors (MacEwen 1990). Mammary gland tumours have serious effects on female health (Winer et al. 2001), and are the most common type of oncological disease to affect women between the ages of 40-45 (Bland et al. 2005). Mammary gland tumours are the second most common neoplasia found in dogs (Capik et al. 2008), and constitute 42% of all tumours found in bitches. (Brodey et al. 1983). KeywordsThe most common type of mammary gland tumours in women histologically are carcinomas, and more specifically, invasive ductal carcinomas (Akiyama and Horii 2009). In bitches, mammary gland tumours are malignant or benign, and originate from various types of tissue in the breast (epithelial or glandular tissue, mesenchymal or interstitial tis- Original PaperVeterinarni Medicina, 58, 2013: (5): 277-283 278 sue). The majority of those presented are classified as epithelial tumour carcinomas (Misdorp 1999).Mammary gland tumours in bitches most commonly occur between 8-10 years of age. Breeds with a higher predisposition include the Poodle, English Cocker spaniel, English Setter, Dachshunds, and some terriers. Breeds with a lower predisposition are the Boxer, Chihuahua, Beagle, and some hounds (Kitchel and Loard 1997). Approximately 65% of all mammary gland tumours are observed in the caudal pair of glands. Risk factors for tumour formation are exogenous sex hormones. Other risk factors include repeated pseudopregnancy, and mastopathy (Hahn et al. 1992). The incidence of mammary gland tumours is more common in intact bitches (Benjamin et al. 1999). Although modern technology and...
The aim of this work was to determine levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen (CA 15-3) in the blood serum of 45 bitches. A modified procedure was used to determine the CEA and CA 15-3 markers with the human kits using the radioimmunoassay method. Samples collected from extirpated tumour of mammary glands were histologically processed and classified as per WHO guidelines. The average age of animals with tumour was 10.00 ± 2.2 years; for healthy bitches average age was 4.2 ± 3.2 years. Values of CEA and CA 15-3 were considered positive, if they exceeded 0.23 ng mL(-1) and 7 IU mL(-1) , respectively. Average levels of CEA in the tumour group were 0.25 ± 0.06 versus 0.20 ± 0.03 in healthy bitches (P = 0.0001). The average CA 15-3 value in bitches with tumour was 8.58 ± 1.27 versus 5.14 ± 1.34 in healthy animals (P < 0.0001).
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) is a rarely described complication after different types of organ transplants. Three out of 147 kidney recipients treated at our center during the last 6 years developed severe bilateral symmetrical pain in the ankles and knees, with great difficulties in walking 2-3 months after kidney transplantation. Clinical examination revealed periarticular soft tissue swelling and vasomotor changes with no effusion. Patchy osteoporotic patterns were seen radiographically in clinically affected areas. Scintigraphy showed increased epiphyseal uptake of 99mTc with a periarticular distribution. Clinical symptoms, radiographic, and scintigraphic signs were compatible with so-called RSDS. The exact cause of the syndrome remained obscure. All patients received standard immunosuppression with cyclosporine A (CyA), azathioprine, and prednisone. Symptoms of RSDS improved when doses of CyA were reduced and blood levels declined; patients were treated with calcitonin and calcium channel blockers simultaneously. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs were not effective in symptom relief. In all three cases, most probably spontaneous complete recovery was achieved over the course of 2-8 months; no one patient progressed to aseptic osteonecrosis.
Hyperinsulinemia and high prevalence of various symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MS) were found in high percentage of patients with after load precordial pain who were referred to coronarography. Similarly, in several women, MIV-AP was detected and its affiliation to MS suggested.
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