Petroleum is an important fossil fuel that results from the decomposition of organic matter stored in sediments. Most petroleum reservoirs produce simultaneously oil and gas, which flow up to the surface through oil wells. Different amounts of gas are produced in different reservoirs depending on their characteristics. For some purposes, a single-phase model can describe the oil behavior quite well even in two-phase flow phenomena. In the present work, the influence of gas volume fraction on the flow patterns of biphasic mixtures comprising heavy oil and natural gas was investigated. The pressure drop and fully developed oil velocity profile were analyzed by numerical simulations, which were performed using the commercial software Ansys CFX 13.0. The governing equations were written in cylindrical coordinates and solved by the finite volume method. The numerical results for the oil velocity profile were compared with a single-phase model. The results show that the single-phase flow can be properly applied to describe the characteristics of oil velocity profiles in the presence of gas, in cases where the gas volume fraction is lower than 20 %. For 25 % of gas, a discrepant behavior could be noted . The pressure drop data were compared with theoretical results considering the mixture density. The maximum error in percentage between numerical and theoretical results for pressure drop was less than 2 %.
RESUMO -O petróleo é um importante combustível fóssil originado da decomposição da matéria orgânica armazenada em sedimentos. Os reservatórios petrolíferos produzem, em sua grande maioria, óleo e gás simultaneamente, os quais fluem até a superfície através de poços. É notório que, dependendo da viscosidade do petróleo, será necessária muita energia para a sua locomoção, gerando um gasto significante. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o escoamento de dois tipos de petróleo (um óleo leve e o outro pesado) em dutos verticais. Através de uma simulação numérica, com a utilização um software e modelo matemático adequados, pode-se identificar a influência da queda de pressão assim como o perfil totalmente desenvolvido, possibilitando obter mais informações sobre tipos distintos de petróleo e uma minimização dos custos operacionais do transporte de óleos pesados. As equações governantes escritas no sistema de coordenadas generalizadas foram resolvidas pelo método dos volumes finitos. Todas as simulações foram realizadas usando o aplicativo CFX 13.0. Resultados numéricos das distribuições de queda de pressão e o perfil totalmente desenvolvido do petróleo são apresentados e analisados.Palavras chave: simulação, escoamento vertical, perfil de velocidade. INTRODUÇÃOO escoamento vertical através de poços é uma etapa importante para a produção de petróleo. Em geral, esse escoamento envolve o fluxo bifásico de óleo e gás, uma vez que estes são produzidos simultaneamente em grande parte dos reservatórios de petróleo (Souza, 2009 Dependendo da viscosidade do petróleo, será necessária muita energia para a sua locomoção, uma vez que parte dela é perdida durante o escoamento devido ao atrito entre o fluido e a superfície interna do tubo (Fox et al., 2010). Um estudo adequado sobre o comportamento do petróleo em poços permite obter informações sobre tipos distintos de petróleo e pode levar a uma redução
Secondary recovery methods have proven to be effective in recovering heavy oils from petroleum reservoirs. However, challenges concerning the offshore ultra-deep environment have prompted further research into the removal of light and intermediate oils. In this context, this study aims to conduct fluid dynamics simulation of the secondary recovery of intermediate oils from a Brazilian petroleum basin by means of water injection. The oil recovery factor and the overall recovery efficiency were evaluated. The developed model was based on a two-phase oil/water model, and the simulations were carried out with the aid of the two commercial fluid dynamic packages ICEM CFD TM and ANSYS CFX 13.0 TM. Water injection provided a recovery factor greater than 65% and overall efficiency of 38% recovery, showing that this method can be considered for use in the removal of intermediate oils from offshore petroleum basins. The well operation time was closely related with water saturation in the domain.
Two-phase liquid-gas flows are common in several industrial processes. Since oil and gas are simultaneously produced in most petroleum reservoirs, the two-phase flow occurs in petroleum transport as well. Depending on the petroleum viscosity, a large amount of energy is needed to move the oil-gas mixture, resulting in significant expenses. The present work aims to investigate the influence of oil viscosity on pressure drop and liquid volume fraction of the upward two-phase flow of different types of oil in a vertical pipe. This study was accomplished using Computational Fluid Dynamic techniques, and Beggs and Brill correlation. The numerical simulations were performed using the application Ansys CFX 13.0, in which governing equations were solved utilizing the finite volume method. The results of pressure drop and liquid volume fraction obtained by both methods were analyzed and discussed. The numerical results for the pressure drop show that the CFX value was approximately 24% lower than that predicted by the Beggs and Brill correlation in the worst case. The liquid volume fraction decreased along the pipe length due to the viscosity effects of the oil.
-In this work, a simplified kick simulator is developed using the ANSYS ® CFX software in order to better understand the phenomena called kick. This simulator is based on the modeling of a petroleum well where a gas kick occurs. Dynamic behavior of some variables like pressure, viscosity, density and volume fraction of the fluid is analyzed in the final stretch of the modeled well. In the simulations nine different drilling fluids are used of two rheological categories, Ostwald de Waele, also known as Power-Law, and Bingham fluids, and the results are compared among them. In these comparisons what fluid allows faster or slower invasion of gas is analyzed, as well as how the gas spreads into the drilling fluid. The pressure behavior during the kick process is also compared t. It is observed that, for both fluids, the pressure behavior is similar to a conventional leak in a pipe.
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