Crude rubber seed oil (RSO) was incorporated at the 5% level in diets free of cholesterol or containing 1% cholesterol, respectively. These studies were initiated for the purpose of evaluating the palatability and potential toxicity of RSO. Corn oil was used as a control. A considerable amount of unsaponifiable matter was detected in RSO. In addition, RSO was found to possess a fatty acid profile which was fairly different from that of corn oil, primarily due to a much higher content of linolenic acid and a lower content of linoleic acid in RSO. No adverse effects on food intake and average daily gain were observed in rats fed RSO in both cholesterol-free and cholesterol diets. The presence of RSO in cholesterol-free diets results in lower (p less than 0.05) serum and liver total cholesterol levels than in control animals. A relative hypercholesterolemic effect compared to corn oil was observed however, when RSO was added to diets containing 1% cholesterol. In summary, the physicochemical properties of RSO as well as the presence of cholesterol in the diet are important factors in evaluating the cholesterolemic effect of RSO.
The temporal cholesterolemic patterns to skim milk powder (SMP) and reprocessed SMP (RSMP) diets were compared to diets containing casein or laboratory rat chow over a 24-day period. SMP was hypocholestetemic relative to casein in rats fed a 1% dietary cholesterol. Reprocessing of SMP resulted in an apparent loss of the relative hypocholesterolemic reponse of native SMP. Amino acid analysis of SMP and RSMP, showed only marginally lower lysine levels than casein; however, the IysineIarginine ratio was higher in SMP than either in casein or RSMP. Available lysine content in SMP was higher than in RSMP, suggesting occurrence of nonenyzmatic browning reactions. Although a similar cholesterolemic response was observed in casein and RSMP, the available lysine content of these two protein sources were markedly different, suggesting that reduced available lysine alone was not totally responsible for the lower cholesterolemic response of SMP, relative to casein.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is amongst the leading causes of death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Severe left main disease (LMD) occurs in approximately five percent of HIV-infected patients, with chronic total occlusion (CTO) of this vessel being an even rarer phenomenon. We describe a non-adherent HIV-infected patient with a left main coronary artery (LMCA) CTO that presented with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT).
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