Passaluriasis is a common infestation of lagomorphs, which clinically manifests in intense itching around the anus, various disorders of digestion and loss of weight. We performed a study of infested rabbits of the seryi veleten breed, which were kept in individual farms in Poltava Oblast (Ukraine). During the autopsy, in the cavity of the large intestine, there were found small, spindle-like helminths of white colour. Out of 10 rabbits, 846 nematodes were extracted (369 males and 477 females, identified as Passalurus ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819) Dujardin, 1845. It was determined that the extensity of infestation in female rabbits reached 56.4%, male rabbits – 43.6%. The results of metric parameters of the nematodes are as follows: mean body length of males equaled 4.6 ± 0.4, females – 9.7 ± 1.21 mm, and maximum width – 257.4 ± 17.8 and 546.2 ± 37.1 µm respectively. A common feature of mature nematodes of this species is the presence of a rounded extension (bulbus) at the end of the esophagus. During chronic course of passaluriasis in rabbits, pathomorphological changes developed in the large intestine. The upper epithelium of the large intestine was damaged in some places, certain epithelian cells were found in the lumen of the intestine. The intestinal glands are widened, filled with slimy content of mostly dark blue-violet colour, especially in the upper sections of the glands. In the deep sections of the glands, slime was almost transparent. In deep sections of the glands the slime was almost transparent. In the epithelium cells of the glands, slimy granules were also of basophilic colour. The muscularis mucosae of the mucous membrane, especially between the intestinal glands was swollen, had practically no colour, the collagen fibers were stretched, thinned-out. Edemas were also recorded in the tela submucosa. In some preparations, the muscularis mucosae was notably infiltrated by lymphoid cells and histiocytes. On large extensions, we found some signs of hypersecretion of slime in goblet cells of the intestinal glands as accumulations of granules of slime in the cytoplasm, which had poorly developed colouration. On the side of the muscular and serous membranes, no pathological changes were found. The information presented here indicates the relevance of passaluriasis infestation as an etiological factor of occurrence of chronic catarrhal colitis with lymphohistiocytosis.
Meat foods matter very much in the feed of man and fold considerable part her food ration. In many countries of the world meat is the basic object of food industry. In our state that determines basic legal and organizational principles of providing of quality and safety of meat products, food products made from them for life and health of population and prevention of negative in fluence on an environment in case processing, packing and moving through the custom border of Ukraine. By the most effective method of providing of safety of food products presently the system НАССР, that is base on implementation of requirements of DSTU 4161–2003, sconfessed in the world, that included general principles of functioning of the system, and also requirements of Regulation of European Parliament and Advice №852/2004. In terms of safety and quality cooked sausages (manufacturer PE «Matviychuk A.V.» Zhytomyr region), sausages (manufacturer SPE «Argon» t. Vinnitsa), small sausages (manufacturer SPE «Marshalok», t. Belaya Tserkov Kiev region) meet the requirements laid down DSTU 4436:2005 and hygienic in the production of these types of meat products. Our country has the Law of Ukraine «On basis principles and requirements for safety and quality of food», which spelled out the need to carry out inspections on compliance with hygienic and sanitary requirements in the production of safe and quality of food. The highest protein content was found in cooked (by the standards according to DSTU 4436:2005 – 12%). Fat content, moisture, starch and sodium chloride were well within the norms set of regulations for there meat products. Also safety measure as sodium nitrite content in sausage products did not exceed permissible levels (less than 0,005 %). MAFAnM lowest content was found in cooked sausages and sausages – 1.21·102 ± 28.82 и 2.82·102±42.54 КUO/g. In small sausages MAFAnM content was increased slightly – 1.16·103±29.67 КUO/g. The content of toxic elements in the investigated samples of meat products was within acceptable levels in accordance with DSTU 4436:2005 and radionuclide 137Cs and 90Sr – did not exceed permissible levels set by GN 6.6.1.1–130–2006.
Pathomorphological changes, developing in case of pasalurosis chronic course in rabbits are described in the article. The research was held on ten rabbits of Large Grey breed, which were held on household farms of Poltava region. The diagnosing was complex: based on anamnesis data, clinical symptoms’ analysis, and the results of pathomorphological examination. The fragments of the liver, spleen, and kidneys were taken for histological analysis. While making histological analysis of the spleen it was revealed that lymphoid nodules were enlarged, some of them were of uniform structure, and others were in the state of hyperplasia. Non-uniformity of structure in addition to changing the size was registered in those nodules: there was less concentration of lymphoid cells in their central part and more concentration on the periphery. The situation was contrary in separate lymphoid nodules. The red pulp consisted of a large number of lymphoid cells and erythrocytes, the largest number of which were registered in the zones adjoining the places of lymphoid nodules’ location. Sometimes there were megakaryocytes in the field of vision. It was established, that blood filling of arteries was less than normal. In case of using some preparations, bilirubin inclusions were found at having big enlargements in red pulp. Grainy and fatty hepatocytes’ dystrophies, and also lymphohistiocytic interstitial hepatitis were also registered. At the same time, renal corpuscles were enlarged. Rather big spaces, filled with transparent substance containing vessel and cellular fragments (detritus), were revealed in the majority of them between glomeruli and the capsule.Capsule epithelial cells were destroyed in some places. Petechial hemorrhages were registered inside glomeruli. The destruction of separate podocytes and deep cells was noticed. The tubular epithelial cells were enlarged in size, and in some cases they were of cylinder, but not cubic shape; the spaces of such tubular were becoming correspondingly less. The epithelial cell cytoplasm of the tubular in some cases was not uniformand it was of cloudy-grey color: in other cases it had rather large colorless areas and, probably, looked like lipid inclusions (which were washed out from the cells as a result solvent impact during making histological preparations). Concentrations of eosinophilic masses (protein cylinders) sometimes containing certain amount of erythrocytes were often found in canaliculi spaces. Sometimes the destruction of epithelial cells was registered in the tubulеs, and their fragments were found in spaces. As a result of histological examination, the diffuse lymphohistiocytic infiltration in the renal interstitial tissue was found.
Canthaxathin is a food coloring agent E161g, which belongs to the group of carotenoids. The E161g dye is particularly sensitive to light and temperature drops. By physical properties it is a crystalline powder or crystals painted in intense orange color. But in dissolved form, it is able to get shades of a wide range-from pale-orange to bright red. When using canthaxanthine in the cannula, they may cause deterioration of the general condition, reduce reproductive capacity, constant molting, dyspnea, known deaths of animals. At the moment, there is absolutely no data not only about morphological changes in blood cannulas blood count for cantaxanthine toxicosis, but also relative to the normal values of these indices. For the experiment, 20 color canaries were used at the age of 1.5 years, average fattening, normal physiological state. These birds were divided into 4 groups of 5 birds in each, three females and two males in each group. In the first group of experimental tubers fed corn mixes and soft feeds with the addition of cantaxanthin in a dose of 5 g per 0.5 kg of feed or 0.5 l of water for 3 months. In the second group of experimental tubers fed corn mixes and soft feeds with the addition of canthaxanthin in a dose of 10 grams per 0.5 kg of feed or 0.5 l of water for 3 months. In the third group of experimental tubers fed corn mixes and soft fodders with the addition of canthaxanthin in a dose of 20 grams per 0.5 kg of feed or 0.5 l of water for 3 months. In the fourth (control) group of experimental tubers fed corn and soft food without adding canthaxanthin in the diet.
Newcastle disease is an extremely contagious viral disease of birds, both agricultural and ornamental, as well as wild and synanthropic. Whereas previously research in the field of diagnosis, control and prevention of this disease concerned mainly industrial poultry farms, recently there have been reports of diseases of parrots, pigeons, wild ducks and other species of birds. Carriers of the virus and its natural reservoir can be wild birds, especially migratory birds, which in contact with poultry, pigeons kept in dovecotes, wild and exotic birds kept in zoos are able to reinfect them, thus forming new epizootic outbreak, the appearance of which is quite difficult to prevent.The pathomorphology of Newcastle disease is well studied only in chickens, in other species of birds superficially. Meanwhile, knowledge of pathomorphological changes in various organs of birds in this disease is of significant diagnostic value, and especially in the digestive organs, because there are the most pronounced changes.The material was taken from the corpses of three gray pigeons kept in one of the dovecotes in Kyiv and died of Newcastle disease. The liver was selected for microscopic examination, from which the preparations were examined under a light microscope, followed by microphotography.In the liver of pigeons in Newcastle disease, the nuclei of most hepatocytes were poorly stained, and the cytoplasm had a characteristic "granular" appearance. Such hepatocytes were slightly larger than unchanged. At the same time, we did not observe signs of destruction of hepatocytes and violation of contacts between these cells. Such changes are characteristic of granular dystrophy of hepatocytes.In single hepatocytes there were revealed changes of a different nature. Their cytoplasm was almost unstained. The nuclei of such hepatocytes in some cases were in the center of the cell, in others they were displaced to the periphery, as a result of which such cells acquired a characteristic "ring-shaped" appearance. Such changes indicate the development of cellular fatty degeneration, respectively, fatty decomposition and fatty infiltration.Disse's spaces in the liver of the studied pigeons were enlarged and overcrowded with cells, among which histiocytes and lymphocytes stood out. Severe lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration was also detected in the interlobular connective tissue. We did not detect any pathological changes in the bile ducts. The interstitial vessels were dilated and filled with blood.Thus, the following complex of microscopic changes was detected in the liver of the pigeon in Newcastle disease: granular, fatty decompositive and fatty infiltrative hepatocyte dystrophies; cellular infiltration of Disse's spaces and interlobular connective tissue; hyperemia of the interlobular vessels.
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