A spectrometer for momentum-resolved and polarization-dependent bremsstrahlung spectroscopy (inverse photoemission) in the vacuum UV range is described and the performance of the apparatus is discussed. A Seya–Namioka monochromator combined with a position-sensitive channel plate device for parallel detection of a wavelength range of 165 Å is used as a photon detector and covers an energy regime from 10 to 40 eV with a resolution of 5 Å. Due to the polarization-dependent reflectivity of the gold-coated gratings, the monchromator is also inherently an analyzer for the polarization of the detected light. A space-charge-limited Pierce-type electron gun comprising a BaO dispenser cathode is used as an electron source with 0.1-Å−1 momentum resolution. The overall energy resolution of the apparatus is 0.3 eV at 20 eV photon energy. The sensitivity is 1.8×104 counts per Coulomb and eV for the unoccupied s, p bands of a polycrystalline gold sample.
A spectrometer for inverse photoemission in the vacuum ultraviolet range is described. A spherical grating with an acceptance of f/4 is used in normal incidence. Two position-sensitive detectors allow the registration of spectra covering the whole range of photon energies from 8 to 28 eV in parallel. The optical resolution is 18 Å for the Lyman-α line of hydrogen. A space-charge-limited electron gun with an energy spread of 0.25 eV is used to excite inverse photoemission spectra. The large acceptance angle of the grating allows one to measure spectra with high efficiency and low background level.
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