K − optical potentials relevant to calculations of K − nuclear quasi-bound states were developed within several chiral meson-baryon coupled-channel interaction models. The applied models yield quite different K − binding energies and widths. Then, the K − multinucleon interactions were incorporated by a phenomenological optical potential fitted recently to kaonic atom data. Though the applied K − interaction models differ significantly in the K − N subthreshold region, our selfconsistent calculations of kaonic nuclei across the periodic table lead to conclusions valid quite generally. Due to K − multinucleon absorption in the nuclear medium the calculated widths of K − nuclear states are sizable, Γ K − ≥ 90 MeV, and exceed substantially their binding energies in all considered nuclei.
We performed self-consistent calculations of K − -nuclear quasi-bound states using a single-nucleon K − optical potential derived from chiral meson-baryon coupled-channel interaction models, supplemented by a phenomenological K − multinucleon potential introduced recently to achieve good fits to kaonic atom data [1]. Our calculations show that the effect of K − multinucleon interactions on K − widths in nuclei is decisive. The resulting widths are considerably larger than corresponding binding energies. Moreover, when the density dependence of the K − -multinucleon interactions derived in the fits of kaonic atoms is extended to the nuclear interior, the only two models acceptable after imposing as additional constraint the single-nucleon fraction of K − absorption at rest do not yield any kaonic nuclear bound state in majority of considered nuclei.
We have developed a microscopic model for antikaon absorption on two nucleons in nuclear matter. The absorption is described within a meson-exchange picture and the primary K − N interaction strength is derived from state-of-the-art chiral coupled channel meson-baryon interaction models. We took into account the medium modification of the K − N scattering amplitudes. We derived the K − N N as well as K − N optical potentials as functions of nuclear matter density including the real part of the K − N N potential. We calculated the K − single-and two-nucleon absorption fractions and branching ratios for various mesonic and non-mesonic channels. We have confirmed the crucial role of in-medium effects in our calculations. Our results are in very good agreement with available experimental data from old bubble chamber experiments as well as with the latest results from the AMADEUS collaboration. I = 0 resonance Λ(1405), which couples strongly to the πΣ channel giving rise to a sizable K − absorption. The theoretical description of the K − N interaction is currently provided by the chiral coupled channel meson-baryon interactions models [11][12][13][14][15] in which the Λ(1405) is generated dynamically. Parameters of these models are fitted to available low-energy K − N observables [16][17][18][19][20][21]. On the other hand, the interaction of antikaons with two and more nucleons lacks a solid theoretical description.A very important source of information about the K − -nucleus interaction is provided by kaonic atom experiments, in which the low-energy K − annihilates in the surface region of a nucleus, thereby probing the K − -nucleus potential at low nuclear densities close to threshold. The latest analysis of kaonic atom data by Friedman and Gal [22] showed that K − optical potentials based on the K − N scattering amplitudes derived from state-of-the-
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