Years of Hydroformulation -Oxo Reactors and Oxo Plants of Ruhrchemie AG and Oxea GmbH from 1938 to 2013The hydroformulation reaction, also known as oxo synthesis or Roelen reaction, is the atom-efficient and metal-catalyzed addition of the constituents of synthesis gas, H 2 and CO, to the double bonds of alkenes. This reaction has been discovered in 1938 by Otto Roelen in the laboratories of the chemical company Ruhrchemie AG. After filing the patent application efforts to scale up the process to technical scale have been started. However, they have only partly been successful for the plants of the Ruhrchemie AG Oberhausen and its cooperation partner I.G. Farbenindustrie AG due to the difficult circumstances. After World War II the Ruhrchemie process based on cobalt catalysts and the Ruhrchemie/Rhône-Poulenc process as the first important aqueous two-phase processes with rhodium catalysts became the most important homogenously catalyzed chemical processes.
CH, from ca. 12 000 tonnes of coal. As the first of the "second generation" coal gasification processes, the Texaco process has proved itself capable of gasifying pulverized coal of all grades at high temperatures and pressures. The next goal is an increase in capacity from that of the demonstration plant at Oberhausen-Holten (12 OOO mi/h) to ca. 1OOOOO mi/h.
The Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle variant of the Texaco Coal Gasification Process (TCGP) has been on stream since 1978. As the first demonstration plant of the “second generation” it has confirmed the advantages of the simultaneous gasification of coal: at higher temperatures; under elevated pressures; using finely divided coal; feeding the coal as a slurry in water. The operating time so far totals 9000 hrs. More than 50,000 tons of coal have been converted to syn gas with a typical composition of 55 percent CO, 33 percent H2, 11 percent CO2 and 0.01 percent of methane. The advantages of the process — low environmental impact, additional high pressure steam production, gas generation at high pressure levels, steady state operation, relatively low investment costs, rapid and reliable turn-down and load-following characteristics — make such entrained-bed coal gasification processes highly suitable for power generation, especially as the first step of combined cycle power plants.
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