The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of hollow reinforced concrete (RC) bridge column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction. Hollow column sections are based on economic considerations of the cost savings associated with reduced material and design moments compared with increased construction complexity and hence increased labour costs. The proposed reinforcement details demonstrate economic feasibility and rationality, and facilitate shorter construction periods. Models of hollow column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction were tested under quasi-static monotonic loading. The proposed reinforcement details for material quantity reduction were equal to the existing reinforcement details in terms of required performance. The computer program RCAHEST (Reinforced concrete analysis in higher evaluation system technology) was used for the analysis of RC structures. A modified lateral confining effect model was adopted for hollow bridge column sections. This study documents the testing of hollow RC bridge column sections with reinforcement details for material quantity reduction and presents conclusions based on the experimental and analytical findings. Additional full-scale experimental research is needed to refine and confirm design details, especially for the actual detailing employed in the field.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Candida strains has prompted searches for new antifungals. The antibiofilm and antihyphae properties of OVCLs and OVCL coating against a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strain are present in this study. These findings suggest that OVCL and OVCL-coated biomaterials are potentially useful for controlling fungal biofilm formation by and the virulence of antifungal-resistant C. albicans.