The bioassay-directed isolation of a marine brown alga, Ishige okamurae, afforded a carmalol derivative, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol. This compound exhibited inhibitory effects on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and integrase with IC(50) values of 9.1 microM and 25.2 microM, respectively. However, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol did not show an inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. Moreover, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol nonaacetate obtained by acetylation and fucosterol failed to show any inhibitory activity against these viral enzymes.

Callosal disconnection signs are closely related to asymmetric hemispheric specialization of cognitive functions. Although extinction is more commonly associated with the right parietotemporal lesion, it may occur following lesions of the corpus callosum. After an infarction involving the left splenium, a 58-year-old right-handed man had no disconnection symptoms that had been reported earlier, but showed visual extinction with left or right visual hemifield dominant stimuli. Our results suggest that dominance specific visual extinction might be another disconnection sign associated with splenial lesion.

The detailed characterization of polyimide (PI) surfaces modified by sequential normalO2 and normalN2/normalH2 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) treatments was performed, and the effects of the surface morphological roughening and chemical modification of the PI surface on the adhesion properties of electroless-plated Cu on the PI systems were investigated. The increase in the surface morphological roughness induced by increasing the substrate bias power in the normalO2 ICPs was primarily responsible for the enhancement of the adhesion strength of the electroless-plated Cu on PI. The amine (−NH2) or amide (−NH) functional groups generated on the PI surface, due to the opening of the cyclized imide ring by the subsequent normalN2/normalH2 plasma treatment, also enhanced the adhesion of the electroless Cu/PI interface. The peel tests confirmed the improvement of the adhesion strength, with the best peel strengths of ≅96gf/mm being obtained for the sample subjected to the combined treatment of the sequential normalO2 and normalN2/normalH2 ICPs.

The temporal measurement of gas pressure in inductive coupled plasma revealed that there is an interesting anomalous evolution of gas pressure in the early stage of plasma ignition and extinction: a sudden gas pressure change and its relaxation of which time scales are about a few seconds and a few tens of second, respectively, were observed after plasma ignition and extinction. This phenomenon can be understood as a combined result between the neutral heating effect induced by plasma and the pressure relaxation effect for new gas temperature. The temporal measurement of gas temperature by laser Rayleigh scattering and the time dependant calculations for the neutral heating and pressure relaxation are in good agreement with our experimental results. This result and physics behind are expected to provide a new operational perspective of the recent plasma processes of which time is very short, such as a plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition/etching, a soft etch for disposal of residual by-products on wafer, and light oxidation process in semiconductor manufacturing.

The first search at the LHC for the extinction of QCD jet production is presented, using data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.7 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The extinction model studied in this analysis is motivated by the search for signatures of strong gravity at the TeV scale (terascale gravity) and assumes the existence of string couplings in the strong-coupling limit. In this limit, the string model predicts the suppression of all high-transverse-momentum standard model processes, including jet production, beyond a certain energy scale. To test this prediction, the measured transverse-momentum spectrum is compared to the theoretical prediction of the standard model. No significant deficit of events is found at high transverse momentum. A 95% confidence level lower limit of 3.3 TeV is set on the extinction mass scale.

Amino acids rather than sugars are the primary limiting substrates for the culture of insect cells in a Grace's medium. When cultures are supplemented with amino acids, the yeastolate components other than the amino acids become the secondary limiting substrates. For the fed-batch culture of insect cells, a solution containing concentrated amino acids and yeastolate was supplied using an exponential feed¯ow rate calculated from mass balance equations. During the batch period the speci®c growth rate was 0.02 h )1 , whereas during the fed-batch period it was measured as 0.007 and 0.012 h )1 on the basis of the cell numbers and the dry cell weight, respectively. This difference in the speci®c growth rates in the fed-batch period is caused by an increase in the cell size during this period. Furthermore, in fed-batch cultures, dissolved oxygen was found to be a limiting factor for high cell-density cultures.

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