The braking system of a car must work safely and predictably in any circumstance, which implies having a stable level of friction, in any condition of temperature, humidity and salinity of the environment. For a correct design and operation of the brake discs, it is necessary to consider different aspects, such as the geometry, the type of material, the mechanical resistance, the maximum temperature, the thermal deformation, the cracking resistance, among others. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of temperature, velocity and heat flow, in the ventilation duct of an automotive disc brake with ventilation pillars different from conventional using computational fluid dynamics. The SolidWorks Simulations design software was used to analyze the behavior of the fluid (air) in terms of speed and heat dissipation capacity. The numerical results for the heat flow through the ventilation channels were compared with the results obtained mathematically. The numerical results showed that the discs performed well under severe operating conditions. In the design of the brake disc is very important to select the appropriate geometry, particularly the number and the cross section of the ducts in addition to that, the type of material. Numerical methods offer advantages through the software tools for selecting geometry and material and for modeling fluid flow to optimize heat dissipation to provide maximum performance for properly maintained components.
In many devices such as refrigerators, ovens, industrial kitchens, integrated circuits among others, where heat transfer is involved, it is important to know the thermal behavior of the material and the geometric model (cylindrical, spherical, etc.), with which such equipment will be built, to subsequently perform analysis of the parameters evaluated and thus enhance their efficiency. For this reason, it is important to know variables such as thermal conductivity, wall thickness, material, and geometry for new generation equipment. As a result, this work involved the construction of a test bench for the analysis of thermal conductivity in insulating materials, which began with the selection of the components that made up the device, such as resistors, types of thermocouples, specimen geometry, sensors, and finally, the construction of a data acquisition and analysis control system using Arduino and Labview. Subsequently, a device was obtained to measure the temperature in the cylindrical walls with different granular materials. This project was developed in an innovative way, where the thermal behavior of non-pure agglomerated granular materials will generate research in the study area, with the purpose of implementing it in different projects in which heat transfer is involved.
The useful life of the tools is a very important economic factor in the metal industry, so any improvement of the tool or material that can extend the useful life of the tools is productive. Tool deterioration can cause damage, cracking and vibration to the tool, and even damage to the machine. Effective tool wear control is most important. Effective tool wear control is most important. At present, there are some tools that can obtain the necessary conditions through digital image processing, and study their lifespan according to their work cycle, as well as the types of possible relationships between the pixels of the image and the different modes of operation, allowing the extraction or isolation of the objects considered. This work analyzes the wear of the tool with the application of two-dimensional matrices with the toolbox of the MATLAB software, which allows to monitor the status of the inserts with the comparison of images in gray scales, in addition, a method of analysis based on interfaces is also being studied; through it, users can access the database that has been implemented, as well as a set of images used to verify the functions developed, determining the wear on the cutting tool.
The calculation of the coefficient of performance for the refrigeration system in a dairy product processing plant is presented, with the objective of knowing the energy efficiency of the system based on the thermodynamic analysis of the refrigeration cycle. The operation of the cooling system is based on the physical principles related to the heat transfer between two flows, where the cooling fluid fulfills a closed thermodynamic cycle and the system needs to consume energy to extract certain amount of heat. The evaluation of the coefficient of performance was developed following an integrated methodology of three stages. Firstly, the amount of heat necessary to extract from the products to be cooled was determined to estimate the necessary energy consumption. Secondly, the heat gain in the cooling water pipe-lines was then calculated since this magnitude increases energy consumption. Finally, the operating coefficient was determined to evaluate the energy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle. It was verified that the capacity of the installed system is sufficient for the extraction of heat in the products to be cooled according to the operating conditions of the plant and the requirements to maintain the products. The analysis of heat transfer of the cooling water lines showed that the absorption of heat is caused by problems in the insulation of the pipe, which is necessary to inspect through maintenance activities to reduce energy consumption and maintain the thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle with values greater than 70%.
There are different types of traditional materials for insulation in different processes such as: clay, limestone, ceramic foams, among others, used mainly in furnaces and buildings, whose function is to reduce heat and acoustic noise transfer through the structure on which they are installed. Alternatives for insulation with reusable and organic materials are currently being sought. In this work, the physical property of the thermal conductivity of materials such as quartz, glass, bone, and coconut shells were analyzed in order to compare their thermal conductivity measured experimentally with respect to that reported theoretically, and determine if they are suitable for use in the market and also to have a foundation that allows subsequent processes to mix them, giving way to new insulating or refractory materials with better physical properties.
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