Introduction: COVID-19 presents benign forms in young patients who frequently present with anosmia. Infants are rarely infected, while severe forms occur in patients over 65 years of age with comorbidities, including hypertension and diabetes. Lymphopenia, eosinopenia, thrombopenia, increased lactate dehydrogenase, troponin, C-reactive protein, D-dimers and low zinc levels are associated with severity.Areas covered: The authors review the literature and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the natural history of and therapeutic options for COVID-19. Expert opinion: Diagnosis should rely on PCR and not on clinical presumption. Because of discrepancies between clinical symptoms, oxygen saturation or radiological signs on CT scans, pulse oximetry, and radiological investigation should be systematic. The disease evolves in successive phases: an acute virological phase, and, in some patients, a cytokine storm phase; an uncontrolled coagulopathy; and an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therapeutic options include antivirals, oxygen therapy, immunomodulators, anticoagulants and prolonged mechanical treatment. Early diagnosis, care, and implementation of an antiviral treatment; the use of immunomodulators at a later stage; and the quality of intensive care are critical regarding mortality rates. The higher mortality observed in Western countries remains unexplained. Pulmonary fibrosis may occur in some patients. Its future is unpredictable.
This paper presents the design of a fully integrated ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse generator for the FCC 3.1-10.6 GHz band. This generator is reserved for medium rate applications and achieves unipolar pulses for OOK, PPM or PIM modulations. This UWB transmitter is based on the impulse response filter method which uses an edge combiner in order to excite an integrated bandpass filter. The circuit has been integrated in a ST-Microelectronics CMOS 0.13µm technology with 1.2V supply voltage and the die size is 0.54mm 2 . The pulse generator power consumption is 9pJ per pulse and achieves a peak to peak magnitude of 1.42V. The pulse is FCC compliant and the generator can be used with a rate up to 38Mbs -1 with a OOK modulation. Based on the FCC power spectrum density (PSD) limitation, a sizing method is also presented.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.