SUMMARYRat embryo cells have been transformed by temperature-sensitive mutants of herpes simplex type 2 and by wild-type virus of herpes simplex types I and 2. Transformation was scored using the morphological criterion of focus formation and the cell changes that lead to the final focus are described.Herpes specified antigens can be detected in at least 5o ~ of these transformed rat embryo cells by immunofluorescence studies on unfixed material.Transformation experiments using hamster embryo cells and HSV-2 strain 333 are also described. These transformed cells are shown to be tumourigenic in newborn hamsters. Tumour cells in turn, as a single cell suspension, produce fresh tumours in animals up to 2 weeks old with almost Ioo ~ efficiency. Tumour cells also continue to retain the herpes specific antigens.
To study the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) with genital cancer, we collected specimens of cervical, vulvar, endometrial, and vaginal tumors at the time of operation in patients with cancer. In some patients, matched internal-control (histologically normal) tissue was also collected. DNA extracted from the tissue was probed with radiolabeled HPV type 16 DNA, HPV type 18 DNA, and cloned fragments of HSV type 2 DNA. Hybridization to the HindIIIa clone of HSV-2 was detected in only 1 cervical tumor and 1 vulvar tumor (9 percent) among the 22 tumors tested. However, DNA sequences hybridizing to HPV-16 were detected in 21 of 25 tumors (84 percent) and in 8 of 11 (73 percent) of the DNA samples from clinically and histologically normal, paired, internal-control tissues from the patients with cancer. HPV-16 DNA was found in one of nine normal cervixes (11 percent) of women without genital neoplastic disease or abnormal cytology. HPV-18 DNA was detected in only 2 of 24 tumors (8 percent), 1 cervical and 1 vulvar. Our results show a strong association between the presence of HPV-16 genomes and genital tumors and between HPV-16 genomes and histologically normal tissue within 2 to 5 cm of the tumors. The implications of these findings remain to be explored.
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