Ehiem J.C., Ndirika V.I.O., Onwuka U.N. (2016): Effect of moisture content on some physical properties of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruits. Res. Agr. Eng., 62: 162-169.The effect of moisture content on some physical properties of three varieties of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruits (small, large and long) was studied at 40.91%, 34.92%, 23.44%, 18.5% and 11.03% moisture content on wet basis in order to solve problems associated with designing and development of processing and handling equipment for these fruits. The physical parameters investigated were major, intermediate, minor diameters, geometric mean diameter, unit mass, volume, sphericity, density, bulk density, roundness, aspect ratio, porosity, surface and specific surface area. The results obtained showed that the physical parameters decreased linearly with a decrease in moisture content. Major diameter and true density of all the fruit varieties were not affected significantly (P < 0.05) by moisture content. Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruits are not round but spherical and oblong, hence, they can rather roll than slide. Among the studied varieties, small Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. is less bulky, has the highest specific surface area and is more porous.
A b s t r a c t. Physical properties of two wild mango varieties were studied at 81.9 and 24.5% moisture (w.b.) for the fruits and nuts, respectively. The shape and size of the fruit are the same while that of nuts differs at P = 0.05. The mass, density and bulk density of the fruits are statistically different at P = 0.05 but the volume is the same. The shape and size, volume and bulk density of the nuts are statistically the same at P = 0.05. The nuts of both varieties are also the same at P = 0.05 in terms of mass and density. The packing factor for both fruits and nut of the two varieties are the same at 0.95. The relevant data obtained for the two varieties would be useful for design and development of machines and equipment for processing and handling operations.K e y w o r d s: physical properties, wild mango, moisture content, postharvest, processing
The flow characteristics of three varieties of Canarium schweinfurthii Engler nuts (Canarium schweinfurthii short, Canarium schweinfurthii long and Canarium schweinfurthii large – CSHT<sub>LRG</sub>) relevant for the design and development of handling and storage systems was studied at three different moisture levels (10.20, 17.23 and 25.06% wet basis). The flow characteristics investigated include the normal stress, the shear stress, the initial shear stress, the coefficient and angle of the internal friction, the coefficient of mobility and the size of the discharge opening. An Instron universal machine at a cross-head speed of 25 mm·min<sup>–1</sup> was used to obtain the shear force. The results obtained showed that all the flow properties increased with an increase in the moisture content except for the coefficient of mobility. Moreover, the variety of the C. schweinfurthii nuts had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the flow characteristics. CSHT<sub>LRG</sub> had the best ability to flow freely than the other varieties. The hopper side wall angle for all the varieties ranged from 67–70°. Round, square and triangle shapes are all acceptable for the smooth flow of C. schweinfurthii nuts.
The objective of this study is to thermodynamically investigate the performance of solar dryers by delaying the airflow in the collector. For this reason, a triple air path on a single pass collector with the fan powered by a wind generator was developed and evaluated in a very humid climate. The evaluation parameters were drying efficiency, energy and exergy analysis, sustainability assessment, CO2 mitigation ability and effective moisture diffusivity of dried product. The results showed that the collector efficiency of triple air passage path collector designs improved the direct passage collector by 119 %. The overall collector and drying efficiencies were 8.43 % and 2.6 % higher than the direct flow path collector. The specific energy consumption was 1.1033 kWh/kg while the specific moisture extraction rate was obtained as 0.273 kg/kW, respectively. The average exergy efficiency ranged between 38.09 % and 63.81 % while the waste exergy ratio, improvement potential and
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