Abstract. 1. The effects of transplant rejection or of total ischaemia on the dog kidney were compared by studying the following parameters: urinary clearances, microcirculation, histological aspect, blood levels of lysosoma] enzymes, active transport of cortical slices, and levels of cortical ATPases.2. At the point of rejection, allotransplanted kidneys without immunosuppressire therapy maintained almost normal active transport of glycine and fl-methylglucoside by the proximal tubular epithelium, despite greatly reduced microcirculation and abolition of glomerular filtration.3. 1 or 2 hours' ischaemia provoked partial tubular necrosis with an abrupt liberation of lysosomal enzymes into the circulation and a decrease in active transport. The mierocirculation was less damaged. 2 days later, in spite of the partial recovery of the active transport, and discrete zones of cellular regeneration, the clearances were still non-existent.4. The results suggest that there is little correlation between the effects of allotransp]ant rejection and ischaemia. The primary event in the process of rejection involves the interruption of the glomerular circulation, which leads to a rapid cessation of urine formation, without too much damage to the transport function of the tubular epithelium.
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