Knowledge of the SPB dominance, and existence of anastomotic vessels in its field of supply are of importance to avoid the risk of possible ischemic sequelae in the hand associated with harvesting the RA.
Spondylocostal dysostosis is a very rare combination of complex vertebra and rib malformations, accompanied occasionally by other disorders. A 3-year-old girl presented kyphoscoliosis, foot deformities, gate disturbance, and urinary incontinence. The CT and MRI examination revealed kyphosis and scoliosis with a double curve, some absent, broadened, bifurcating and fused ribs, hemivertebrae, butterfly and cleft vertebrae in thoracic and lumbar region, sporadic cleft or absent vertebral arches or pedicles, and hypoplastic sacrum with a cleft of the S2 vertebra. Spina bifida occulta extended from T10 to T11, and from L3 to the end of the sacrum. Two hemicords, separated by a bony septum and surrounded by their own dural tubes (type I), were present from the level of T9 to the conus medullaris. Filum terminale was thick and duplicated. Syringomyelia was present in the thoracic cord from T5 to T8. Finally, a small meningocele was seen at the T10–T11 level, and a subcutaneous lipoma in the thoracolumbar region. To our knowledge, such a combination of vertebra, rib, and cord malformations, including the mentioned additional disorders, has never been reported.
Introduction/Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the
immunohistochemical features of the vascularization of the anterior cruciate
ligament (ACL), as well as the quantification of capillaries within the
three segments of the ACL; proximal, middle and distal. The quantification
and metric characteristics of mast cells of the ACL are the second goal of
this research. Methods. Thirty human ACL of 30 persons, obtained during
routine autopsy, were examined under the microscope, following
immunohistochemical reactions against CD34 of blood vessels and MastTrip of
mast cells. Results The middle genicular artery (MGA) close to the ACL gave
off branches for the supply of ligament itself. Each field of mm2 contained
an average number of 1113.84 (959-1240), microvessels in ACL proximal third,
an average number of 1145.43 (924-1310) microvessels in ACL middle third,
and an average number of 1134.55 (889 to 1451) microvessels in ACL distal
third. An average number of mast cells of the ACL was 3.8 per mm2. In the
peripheral synovial zone of the ACL we counted 12.6 mast cells per mm2. An
average area value of the mast cells was 124.7 ?m2, and an average value of
shorter and longer axis of the mast cells was 11.2 x 15.0 ?m. Conclusion.
There was no statistically significant differences between the average
numbers of intraligamentous microvessels of the ACL thirds (p>0.05),
confirming and supporting our hypothesis of uniform distribution of blood
supply within the ACL.
Introduction/Objective. This research aims to evaluate the impact of chronic
stress on behavioral effects of ketamine, which are not sufficiently clear,
still. Methods. Wistar male rats aged five weeks were used in the
experiment. The animals were divided into two equal groups: control and
experimental. After being exposed to a chronic unpredictable stress paradigm
for 42 days, experimental rats had received a single injection of ketamine
(10 mg/kg; day 45) as well as control group. The impact of ketamine was
assessed using behavioral tests, spontaneous coordinate activity, and water
maze tests for the evaluation of short-term memory. Results. The
experimental group rats showed less spontaneous motoric activity than before
ketamine application. Statistical significance was shown in gaining weight
after time of ketamine application in control group and also in experimental
group where they showed weight loss during stress paradigm and then
increased their weight after ketamine application. There was no statistical
significance in speed measurements in both groups showing no effects on
short memory behavior. Conclusion. These findings show that ketamine in
single subanesthetic dose has antidepressant and anxiolytic like effects in
male rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress paradigm
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