We demonstrated that PL aqueous extract improves skin wound healing in rats. However, further research need to be performed to find optimal therapeutic concentration, and exact underlying mechanism prior obtained results may be introduced into the clinical practice.

In the light of our study and the review of the literature we conclude that early recognition of primary bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors followed by adequate surgical removal of the malignancy are essential for complete remission of the disease.

Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) has been shown to be sensitive to detect preneoplastic lesions in central lung airways system. In early stages of carcinogenesis, up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, Ki67 and/or increased angiogenesis may play a role by promoting the proliferation of tumoral cells and their resistance to apoptosis, as well as angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion and setting up of the metastatic process. The present study compared the expression of proliferative (COX-2, Ki67 and PCNA) and angiogenic markers (CD34 and NG2) between preneoplastic bronchial squamous dysplasia lesions and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsies obtained during AFB [preneoplastic lesions: low-grade (lesions up to moderate dysplasia), n=13; high-grade lesions (severe dysplasia), n=12] and surgical specimens (resections of bronchogenic carcinoma, n=11) were stained with COX-2, Ki67, PCNA, CD34 and NG2 monoclonal antibodies. Microvessel density (MVD) was analysed based on anti-CD34 immunostaining. Lesions were positive for COX-2 in 12 out of 25 preneoplastic lesions, and in 10 out of 11 invasive carcinomas (p=0.025). In preneoplastic lesions, the mean percentage of Ki67 positive cells was lower compared to invasive carcinomas (37.4+/-5.8 versus 58.6+/-8.4%, p=0.043). In addition, significant differences in MVD were observed between preneoplastic and NSCLC specimen [35.3 (25.9, 61.9) versus 22.1 (20.1, 32.6), p=0.016]. No differences were observed in the mean percentage of PCNA or NG2 positive cells between preneoplastic lesions and invasive carcinomas. Findings of the present study indicate that increases in COX-2 and Ki67 expression may be associated with the development of bronchogenic carcinomas and possibly with acquisition of an invasive phenotype. In contrast, increased CD34 expression in preneoplastic lesions suggests that increased MVD may represent an early marker of lung carcinogenesis.

A rare case of duplicate tumor, osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, complicated by metachronous pulmonary metastasis in a child is reported. A nine-year-old girl's osteosarcoma was treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Four years later, resection of the chest wall to remove an Ewing's sarcoma had to be performed, followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. At the age of 17, the girl underwent a metastasectomy of Ewing's sarcoma metastasis to the lung. Five years later, the patient is free from any recognizable malignant disease. We conclude that after the complete surgical removal of two primary tumors, metastasectomy is an optimal treatment procedure in case of a solitary pulmonary metastasis.

Introduction: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy is the anatomical resection of a whole lobe of the lung followed by removal of the lymph nodes from the mediastinum using a thoracoscope and an access incision (small thoracotomy ≤ 5 cm) without using the rib spreader.