Introduction: The present study was aimed to confirm that a family history of alcoholism and early alcohol initiation are the factors associated with the development of alcohol dependence. Subjects and methods: The study was based on authors` anonymous questionnaire. In the index group there were 125 people, aged 22-68, members of AA groups. In the control group there were 231 people, aged 17-65, with no history of alcoholism. The results were considered as significant with a p value < 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistica 6.0 software. Results: Alcohol initiation before the age of 15 and before the age of 12 were more common in the index group (49% vs. 42% and 13% vs. 8%; p <0,05, respectively). Impact of social environment was greater for the index group-11% (3% of the control group ;p <0.05) drank alcohol for the first time at school while in the control group, alcohol was more often introduced at home (24% vs 22%). Respondents of the index group were less often raised by both parents (78 % vs 87 %; p<0,05) and more often one or both parents abused alcohol (43 % vs 19 % and 15 % vs 1 % respectively; p<0,05). Alcohol dependent respondents were more frequently punished for their failures, abused physically/verbally and could not depend on their parents. Conclusions: Based on the results of present study, we confirmed that the factors that have an impact on development of alcohol dependence are early drinking onset and family structure.
Introduction: EEG Biofeedback is a technique that enables the recognition and modification of the bioelectrical activity of the brain which can be used to improve the patient's concentration, control of impulses and reduce disturbance of emotions. Aim of the study: The aim of this research is to show the case of the patient with post-traumatic cerebrasthenia who was treated with a combination of both pharmacotherapy (tianeptine) and neurotherapy using mainly EGG BF in the bilateral module training SMR/beta + beta/delta. Material and methods: This research is based on a case history of a patient with an implantable cardioverter-difibrillator (ICD) who suffered from blood circulation obstruction caused by catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Due to a transient cerebral hypoxia the patient later showed symptoms of posttraumatic cerebrasthenia: problems with concentration, short-term memory and depressive symptoms. Results: The therapy resulted in increasing of the SMR and beta potential as well as the stabilization of the cognitive dysfunction and emotional disorders. Conclusions: Biofeedback is a useful and effective technique and can be also used in therapy of the patients with posttraumatic cerebrasthenia.
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