Obesity and its associated disorders are a growing epidemic across the world. Many genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors play a role in the etiology of obesity. Diet and exercise are known to play a valuable role in the treatment and prevention of obesity and associated disorders such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence, etiology, consequences, and treatment of obesity.

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149 post‐menopausal women (53.5±6 yrs; 46.3± 5 % BF; 34.2±6 kg·m2) were randomly assigned to an exercise group (E) or an exercise and higher carbohydrate (HC) or higher protein (HP) diet group. Subjects participated in a 3d/wk exercise program and were randomly assigned in a double blind fashion to ingest a placebo (P), 800 mg/d of calcium as carbonate (CC); 800 mg/d of calcium as citrate and malate and 400 IU/d of Vitamin D (CM), or (H) containing 1,000 mg/d of calcium as citrate, 600 mg/d of green tea extract (50% EGCG), and 200 mg/d of 7‐Keto DHEA. DEXA measurements were obtained at 0, 10, and 14 weeks and analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Data are presented as means ± SD changes from baseline. After 10 weeks, subjects who dieted experienced a greater (p<0.05) loss in body mass (E −0.4±1.6; HC −3.9±3.3; HP −4.0±3.8 kg), fat mass (E −0.7±2.0; HC −3.2±2.5; HP −3.2±2.8 kg), and percent body fat (E −0.8±2.0; HC −1.9±2.0; HP −1.8±2.0 %). Intermittent dieting maintained weight (E −0.4±2.2; HC −4.9±4.7; HP −4.1±4.3 kg), fat mass (E −1.2±2.1; HC −3.6±3.1; HP −3.5±3.5 kg), and percent body fat loss (E −1.2±2.2; HC −2.2±2.4; HP −2.0±2.2 %). Overall fat mass loss was greatest in the CM group (P −2.6±2.1; CC −3.2±2.8; CCM −3.6±4.1; H −1.6±3.0 kg) particularly when on the HC (P −3.4±2.3; CC −3.9±3.5; CCM −4.9±2.7; H −1.3±2.7 kg) and HP (P −2.6±1.8; CC −2.9±2.4; CCM −4.8±5.6; H −4.0±2.5 kg) diets. Effective weight loss and maintenance was seen in all groups, while supplementation with CM promoted greater weight loss particularly when combining exercise with dieting.