Oceanic winds were measured locally by anemometers and remotely by an HF skywave radar at ranges exceeding 3000 km. Wind velocity was deduced from sea backscatter Doppler spectra. These spectra were often perturbed by ionospheric motion, yet wind direction was measured to within ±16° and wind speed to within ±4 m sec−1. Better measures of wind speed should exist at shorter ranges or with better ionospheric conditions.
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