Two size-groups of dorsal-spined, first-stage, nematode larvae were found in feces of woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin), in Alberta from [1976][1977][1978][1979][1980][1981][1982]. Larvae from caribou feces in northeastern Alberta were 451 ? 17 pm in length, while those from westcentral Alberta were 362 f 18 pm in length. Larvae collected from west-central Alberta developed to the infective stage, experimentally, in the terrestrial gastropod Triodopsis multilineata (Say) and were infective to captive mule deer fawns, Odocoileus h. hemfonus (Rafinesque). Adult nematodes, identified as Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Hobmaier and Hobmaier, 1934), were recovered from the skeletal muscles of the mule deer.
PYBUS. 1985. Varestrongylus alpenae (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of Saskatchewan. Can. J. Zool. 63: 1449-1454. The lungworm nematode Varestrongylus alpenae (Dikmans, 1935) Dougherty, 1945 is reported in Canada for the first time. Dorsal-spined, first-stage nematode larvae were found in 19% of 1098 fecal pellet groups of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) randomly collected in central and eastern Saskatchewan. These larvae developed to the infective stage, experimentally, in the gastropods Triodopsis albolabris and Triodopsis multilineata and were infective to captive mule deer (Odocoileus h. hemionus) and white-tailed deer fawns. All of four mule deer and two of three white-tailed deer developed patent infections (mule deer in 43 -49 days and white-tailed deer in 54-55 days). Adults nematodes, identified as Varestrongylus alpenae, were recovered from the lung parenchyma of two mule deer. The geographical distribution of V. alpenae in white-tailed deer in North America is discussed. GRAY, J. B., W. M. SAMUEL, A. W. SHOSTAK et M. J. PYBUS. 1985. Varestrongylus alpenae (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of Saskatchewan. Can. J. Zool. 63: 1449-1454. Le nkmatode parasite du poumon Varestrongylus alpenae (Dikmans, 1935) Dougherty, 1945, a kt6 trouvk au Canada pour la premikre fois. Des larves de premier stade a kpines dorsales ont kt6 trouvks dans 19% des groupes de boulettes fkcales de cerfs a queue blanche (Odocoileus virginianus) recueillis au hasard dans le centre et I'Est de la Saskatchewan. Ces larves ont atteint le stade infectieux en laboratoire chez les gastropodes Triodopsis albolabris et Triodopsis multilineata et elles se sont avkrkes infectieuses pour des cerfs a queue noire (Odocoileus h. hemionus) et des faons du cerf a queue blanche gardks en captivitk. Les symptomes de I'infection se sont manifestks chez les quatre cerfs a queue noire exposks (apres 43-49 jours) et chez deux des trois cerfs a queue blanche exposks (apres 54-55 jours. Des adultes du nematode, reconnu comme Varestrongylus alpenae, ont kt6 retrouvks dans le parenchyme pulmonaire de deux cerfs a queue noire. La rkpartition gkographique de V. alpenae chez les cerfs a queue blanche d'Amkrique du Nord fait l'objet d'une discussion. [Traduit par le journal] Bindernagel and Anderson (1972) found dorsal-spined, firststage larvae in the feces of white-tailed deer in Saskatchewan in 197 1. They indicated that the larvae were morphologically indistinguishable from those of the meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. They recovered adult worms of P. tenuis from a white-tailed deer in Manitoba within 52 km of Saskatchewan and indicated that if P. tenuis was in Saskatchewan and was spreading westward, it would have important implications for the management of big game to the west. Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, although generally not pathogenic in its normal host, white-tailed deer, causes severe pathology often resulting in death in a variety of cervids ...
Opossums given infective larvae of Turgida turgida were examined at various times after infection. Fifteen days after inoculation 13% of larvae recovered were undergoing the third moult. Thirty-five days after infection 20% of larvae found were moulting to the adult stage. The prepatent period was 89–105 days and the life span of worms was at least 360 days. The percentage of the inoculum recovered decreased with time. Also, development was asynchronous; i.e., third-, fourth-, and fifth-stage worms were found in individual opossums examined 40 and 160 days after infection. Second- and moulting second-stage larvae were not infective to opossums. Infections were successfully challenged. Attempts to infect cats (Felis catus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and woodchucks (Marmota monax) were unsuccessful.
The snail Triodopsis multilineata (Say) and the slugs Deroceras laeve (Müller) and Deroceras reticulatum (Müller) were successfully reared using inorganic vermiculite as a substrate and carrots and lettuce as food. Discus cronkhitei (Newcomb), Vallonia gracilicosta Reinhardt, Vallonia pulchella (Müller), Vertigo gouldii (Binney), and Zonitoides arboreus (Say) were reared on various types of organic leaf-litter substrates that simulated their natural environments. Triodopsis multilineata was the gastropod most easily reared and maintained.
Several species of orthopterans and coleopterans were experimentally infected with Turgida turgida. The common field cricket, Acheta pennsylvanicus, was the most suitable host. Eggs of T. turgida usually hatched in the ileum of crickets. Larvae were observed in the wall of the ieum 4 h postinfection. Larvae became encapsulated in the gut wall and moulted twice. At 30 °C the first moult occurred 5 days and the second one 10 days after infection. Larvae are described in detail. The intensity of T. turgida in crickets could be augmented by challenge infections.
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