A sequential mixed-mode data collection, online-totelephone, was introduced into the National Child Development Study for the first time at the study's age 55 sweep in 2013. The study included a small experiment, whereby a randomised subset of study members was allocated to a single mode, telephone-only interview, in order to test for the presence of mode effects on participation and measurement. Relative to telephone-only, the offer of the Web increased overall participation rates by 5.0 percentage points (82.8% vs. 77.8%; 95% confidence interval for difference: 2.7% to 7.3%). Differences attributable to mode of interview were detected in levels of item non-response and response values for a limited number of questions. Most notably, response by Web (relative to telephone) was found to have increased the likelihood of non-response to questions relating to pay and other financial matters, and increased the likelihood of 'less desirable' responses. For example, response by Web resulted in the reporting of more units of alcohol consumed, and more negative responses to subjectiveThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This paper outlines new evidence on what happens when questions from major social surveys are asked of online survey panellists. The paper shows how difficult it is to control for ‘panellist bias’ and produce unbiased population estimates but also that, for some statistics, panel data can provide a surprisingly close match to the gold standard surveys of government.
Ecology and ethics: socially responsible developers can create positive socioeconomic and ecological impact in communities where economic development stems from sustainable tourism.Economy: tourism promotes globalization and rapid change, which creates challenges for communities, especially those in emerging nations. In communities that experience unequal access to education, healthcare, and unequal distribution of wealth; the cycle of poverty is perpetuated.Education: universities have a responsibility to prepare citizen scholars to live and work in a globalized world through educational experiences that foster social responsibility and civic engagement in addition to content expertise and critical thinking.This paper outlines the strategies and successes of corporate and university collaboration in an eco-friendly oceanfront resort, second home enclave, airport, and biodiversity research center in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. In this arena, socially responsible tourism has enhanced community infrastructure and economy, while preserving cultural heritage and ecology. This study demonstrates how socially responsible tourism can increase access to technology, transportation, education and social services. It also addresses the role that universities can have in providing resources for training, education, research and development to foster community participation in socially responsible tourism. Additionally, it models the active university role in ecological stewardship for the development and operation of environmentally friendly tourism venues.
This paper presents an examination of fair market value concepts as they pertain to producing petroleum properties. Conventional producing petroleum properties. Conventional petroleum economic theories of fair market petroleum economic theories of fair market value are examined in light of recent work on the market value of long-life reserves. Their work is expanded to show that sellers rely on comparable sales data for estimating FMV. Both results are used to suggest that current practices over-emphasize the discounted cash practices over-emphasize the discounted cash flow approach to estimating fair market value. Introduction The term "fair market value" is used by many petroleum economists as though it were an engineering concept with precise mathematical derivation and universally recognized definition. Some have even gone so far as to equate the determination of fair market value (FMV) to principles of engineering. In reality, however, economic markets are so complex they usually defy formulaic estimates or predictions. Traditional petroleum economic approaches to the determination of FMV have come under increasing scrutiny. Diggle and David observed in 1987 that oil and gas properties were selling at prices that could properties were selling at prices that could not be explained by most conventional FMV approaches. David and Hickman found similar results in 1990. In a 1991 article, Williams argued that engineers and petroleum economists were confusing the determination of value for investment purposes with a determination of an underlying economic fair market value. David and Hickman similarly concluded that petroleum economists have unnecessarily canonized a discounted cash flow analysis to FMV. This paper begins with a review of traditional practices for estimating. Concerns regarding the appropriateness of these practices are then discussed, followed by a presentation of data-suggesting that sellers of producing properties are typically disinclined to accept properties are typically disinclined to accept traditional petroleum economic valuation approaches. P. 297
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