Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide comprehensive information on preventive maintenance (PM) planning and methods used in the industry in order to achieve an effective maintenance system. Design/methodology/approach The literature review is organized in a way that provides the general overview of the researches done in the PM. This paper discusses the literatures that had been reviewed on four main topics, which are the holistic view of maintenance policies, PM planning, PM planning concept and PM planning-based in developing optimal planning in executing PM actions. Findings PM policy is one of the original proactive techniques that has been used since the start of researches on maintenance system. Review of the methods presented in this paper shows that most researches analyse effectiveness using artificial intelligence, simulation, mathematical formulation, matrix formation, critical analysis and multi-criteria method. While in practice, PM activities were either planned based on cost, time or failure. Research trends on planning and methods for PM show that the variation of approaches used over the year from early 1990s until today. Practical implications Research about PM is known to be extensively conducted and majority of companies applied the policy in their production line. However, most analysis and method suggested in published literatures were done based on mathematical computation rather than focussing on solution to real problems in the industry. This normally would lead to the problems in understanding by the practitioner. Therefore, this paper presented researches on PM planning and suggested on the methods that are practical, simple and effective for application in the real industry. Originality/value The originality of this paper comes from its detail analysis of PM planning in term of its research focus and also direction for application. Extensive reviews on the methods adopted in relation to PM planning based on the planning-based such as cost-based, time-based and failure-based were also provided.
Rail lubrication is vital in determines the friction, wear and noise level in the wheel and rail contacts. In general, the primary function of a rail curve grease is to minimize friction between the contact as well as to protect side wear of rails on a curved track. In this study, three commercially applied railway greases were identified and the wear and friction behavior, as well as the load-carrying ability, were investigated. Before that, the grease's physiochemical properties in terms of the consistency and drop point, as well as the element content, were also examined. The tribological investigation of the greases was also carried out using four-ball wear tester. In this test, the wear preventive (WP) and extreme pressure (EP) properties of the grease were measured under sliding actions between the balls, and the wear surface analysis was also carried out. The tests results explained that the rail curve greases are very soft in texture yet have stable structure over a high-temperature range. The greases also presenting low friction coefficient; ranges between 0.070 to 0.090, and acceptable wear scar diameter indicating the good anti-friction and anti-wear properties. High load-carrying ability up to 400 kg is also the significant properties for a rail curve grease to perform as the desired functions.
If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. Abstract Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding on implementation and operation of ISO 13485:2003 -"Medical Devices -Quality Management System -Requirements for Regulatory Purposes" -in the perspective of medical device industries in Malaysia. The study is focused on the Malaysian Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which currently have accredited to ISO 9001:2000 quality management systems. Design/methodology/approach -Literature research and comparative analysis between ISO 13485:2003 and ISO 9001:2000 standard and requirements. A reference model is developed to assist the Malaysian SMEs towards ISO 13485:2003 accreditation.Findings -Unlike ISO 9001:2000, ISO 13485:2003 stresses the safety and efficacy of medical devices that are being produced. For this reason risk management is an essential process that needs to be adopted into the ISO 13485:2003 quality management system. Moreover, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ISO 13485:2003 implementation, this standard has placed great emphasis on documentation requirements which are more prescriptive in insisting on the use of formal procedures. Originality/value -The paper provides guidelines to ISO 13485:2003 implementations as well as risk management approaches for small and medium-sized businesses of Malaysian medical device manufacturers, which at the same time maintains its ISO 9001:2000 certification.
Palm oil olein and palm oil ester is well-known potential candidate in plant-based oil to replace the conventional mineral oil. Harvested all year round, the advantages and benefits initiate the palm oil to be used in varieties of application. In this paper, palm oil olein was tested on its capability as a lubricant to replace the mineral oil. To enrich the performance of this oil, different types of nanoparticles additives were added. Previous studies proved that by adding small size of additives into lubricating oil can lessen the friction and improve anti-wear properties. The adjustment of the lubricating oil with nanoparticle additives will reduce the friction between two contact surfaces and produce less heat. In his study, three type material of solid additives namely nanoclay and carbon nanotubes were used. Four ball tester following ASTM D4072-94 was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of each additives and its tribological properties under boundary lubrication (metal to metal contact). Result obtained shows that the addition of 0.04 wt% of carbon nanotubes recorded the lowest coefficient of friction with a 10.8% improvement compared to the pure palm oil. The additive also contributed to better wear scar diameters and possessed good anti-wear properties for palm oil. This thus shows the significant potential of carbon nanotubes as the wear preventive additive for palm oil olein. It is also discovered that 0.04 wt% of nanoclays additive is the optimum concentration of the mixture with coefficient of friction reduced 22.16% compared to mineral oil.
In the present study, palm oil has been tested to study its capability as a lubricant to replace commercial mineral oil. To enrich the performance, nanoparticles additives were added. Previous studies proved that by adding the small size of additives into lubricating oil can lessen the friction and improve anti-wear properties. In this research, the size of the nanoparticle used was below 20nm. Four ball tester following ASTM D4072-94 was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of palm oil bio-lubricant with Nano-clay additive ranged from 0.02% to 0.08%wt. The results discovered that 0.04wt% of Nano-clay additive added into palm oil was the optimum concentration of the lubricant with the coefficient of friction 0.081, which recorded 16% reduction as compared to mineral oil (20W-40) – the reference lubricant. It also shows good anti-wear ability which the wear scar diameter was improved by 32%. The oil was then tested in journal bearing to characterize the hydrodynamic lubrication properties. The properties that have been observed were the coefficient of friction, pressure profile and temperature profile. The results showed that modified palm oil with Nano-clay provided better performance with low coefficient of friction (reduced more than 50% as compared to mineral oil) and also temperature profile (reduced up to 20% compared to mineral oil). As for the pressure profile, even slightly higher pressure recorded for palm oil due to lower viscosity, yet the pressure was improved with the presence of Nano-clay additive. In overall, it had been proven that palm oil with Nano-clay additive shows massive potential as an alternative lubricant to the same range with the current industrial mineral oil.
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