Chronic wounds are caused by bacterial infections and create major healthcare discomforts; to overcome this issue, wound dressings with antibacterial properties are to be utilized. The requirements of antibacterial wound dressings cannot be fulfilled by traditional wound dressing materials. Hence, to improve and accelerate the process of wound healing, an antibacterial wound dressing is to be designed. Electrospun nanofibers offer a promising solution to the management of wound healing, and numerous options are available to load antibacterial compounds onto the nanofiber webs. This review gives us an overview of some recent advances of electrospun antibacterial nanomaterials used in wound dressings. First, we provide a brief overview of the electrospinning process of nanofibers in wound healing and later discuss electrospun fibers that have incorporated various antimicrobial agents to be used in wound dressings. In addition, we highlight the latest research and patents related to electrospun nanofibers in wound dressing. This review also aims to concentrate on the importance of nanofibers for wound dressing applications and discuss functionalized antibacterial nanofibers in wound dressing.
Around 1.2 billion people have limited access to drinkable water and millions succumb every year to sicknesses caused due to the consumption of impure water or lack of water. In the coming years, this problem will only progress at alarming rates due to the aggressive growth of population, urbanization and droughts. It is essential to investigate new approaches for water treatment with low energy costs and economic benefits. The biggest problem in membrane filtrations is fouling, which causes membrane pore blockages and creates a cake layer on the membrane surface. The aim of the project is to obtain nanofibrous membranes that will have high fouling resistance and antibacterial effects. Nanoparticles of Ag, ZnO, TiO2 and CuO are known for their antibacterial properties. In order to attach nanoparticles to the membrane surface, appropriate functional groups are required. The first step of the project involves the attachment of functional groups capable of binding nanoparticles to the surface of the nanofiber membrane. For this alkaline surface modification using NaOH, KOH, DETA under different conditions was performed. After modification, changes in hydrophilicity and structure of membranes, pore size and appearance of nanofibers were checked. Defluorination reaction conditions with NaOH and KOH proved to be insufficient to obtain the desired functional groups on the membrane surface. In the case of the reaction with DETA, amine groups were obtained, which will be used in the next step to attach the nanoparticles.
Water demand is steadily increasing, and usable water supply is constantly decreasing. It is urgent to find a cheap and efficient way to recycle water. Currently, membrane technologies are getting promising results, but some factors drastically reduce their effectiveness. In membrane filtration, biofouling is one of the most limiting factors, reducing filtration efficiency. In this work, the micro- and nanofibres-composed membranes were modified with diethylenetriamine (DETA), and silver nanoparticles were attached to a modified surface to minimize biofouling risk during filtration. Different conditions were tested for reaction with DETA and attachment of nanoparticles. Antimicrobial tests were performed, and the leaching of nanoparticles over time was checked. The modified membranes (Nadir® MV020T and PA PVDF) containing silver nanoparticles ranging in size from 20 to 50 nm showed antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli in the form of 3–4 mm inhibitory zones. The percentage of released AgNPs was 0.47% and 2.12% for Nadir® MV020T and PA PVDF membrane after 21 days, respectively. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used to increase the stability of the nanoparticles, and the results were compared.
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