Electrospun Antibacterial Nanomaterials for Wound Dressings Applications

Abstract

Chronic wounds are caused by bacterial infections and create major healthcare discomforts; to overcome this issue, wound dressings with antibacterial properties are to be utilized. The requirements of antibacterial wound dressings cannot be fulfilled by traditional wound dressing materials. Hence, to improve and accelerate the process of wound healing, an antibacterial wound dressing is to be designed. Electrospun nanofibers offer a promising solution to the management of wound healing, and numerous options are available to load antibacterial compounds onto the nanofiber webs. This review gives us an overview of some recent advances of electrospun antibacterial nanomaterials used in wound dressings. First, we provide a brief overview of the electrospinning process of nanofibers in wound healing and later discuss electrospun fibers that have incorporated various antimicrobial agents to be used in wound dressings. In addition, we highlight the latest research and patents related to electrospun nanofibers in wound dressing. This review also aims to concentrate on the importance of nanofibers for wound dressing applications and discuss functionalized antibacterial nanofibers in wound dressing.

Advances in Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy

“…Tiwari et al [ 117 ] summarized recent findings related to localized delivery of drugs using medical textiles for treatment of burns and highlighted the benefits of nanofibers with encapsulated drugs showing desirable mechanical integrity and absorption of exudates contributing to acceleration of wound healing. Recently, the development of biologically based natural and synthetic electrospun structures for effective wound healing applications was described [ 118 , 119 , 120 ]. Colloidal solutions of commercially available metal-based NPs including AgNPs (10 nm and 40 nm), AuNPs (20 nm), PtNPs (4 nm) and ZnO NPs, TiO 2 NPs, Al 2 O 3 NPs, Y 2 O 3 NPs and ZrO 2 NPs of 100 nm exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA strains and can be applied as coatings on 3D-printed biodegradable polymers, including bandages for chronic wounds, catheters, etc.…”

“…These inorganic carriers are usually functionalized with the above-mentioned organic polymers, resulting in hybrid NCs, in which active molecules are trapped. Depending on the used material, different NCs are formed, such as liposomes/lipid-based delivery systems, polymeric NPs (micelles, spheres, capsules), dendrimers, polymeric complex NPs, CDs, nanocrystals, electrospun nanofibers, electro-sprayed NPs, nano-spray dried particles, covalent organic frameworks, hydrogels, inorganic nanosystems (quantum dots, carbon based NPs) [ 41 , 45 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 143 ]. Table 1 provides an overview of the types of nanoformulations discussed and their basic building blocks, while Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 illustrate the individual anti-infective drugs listed in this review.…”

Recent Advances in Silver Nanoparticles Containing Nanofibers for Chronic Wound Management

“…Indeed, AgNPs’ excellent antimicrobial properties have already been tested against 650 bacterial strains [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Because of their extensive antimicrobial properties and ability to reduce the chance of infection from antibiotic-resistant strains, silver nanoparticles also found their application in wound management products [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

A Review on Electrospun Poly(amino acid) Nanofibers and Their Applications of Hemostasis and Wound Healing

“…Therefore, the breathable dressing can achieve the purpose of more oxygen contact and make oxygen contact and make the cells proliferate rapidly. In fact, the dry healing method has obvious defects in theory: the cells in the wound do not react directly with oxygen in the air, which needs to be chemically combined with hemoglobin in the blood to be utilized [ 19 , 20 ]. Moreover, in actual clinical care practice, there are many disadvantages: the surface of the bed is dry and dehydrated, and the crawling of epithelial cells is hindered; the wound leaks rapidly, and the dressing needs to be changed frequently, so it cannot maintain a mild environment for the wound, which affects the process of cell reproduction and differentiation and makes the wound healing slow; the dry dressing is easy for the newly grown granulation tissue to stick to each other, and frequent changing is likely to cause secondary damage to the wound.…”