No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The study was conducted to check the effect of emulsifier supplementation on growth performance of broiler birds on starter phase, from days 1 to 10. In the current study, a total of twelve hundred twenty-four Ross 308 broiler one day old chicks were used. Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into two groups in such a way that each group had12 replicates, and each replicate had 51 birds. The duration of the current trial was of 10 days. Chicks were fed experimental diets with or without emulsifier supplementation. Daily feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio and nutrient digestibility were recorded. Mortality was recorded on a daily basis, and feed intake was also corrected for mortality. Data collected from the experiment was interpreted by using analysis of variance method using SPSSTM under Completely Randomized Design. Results showed that emulsifier supplementation improved (p<0.05) feed intake in broiler birds on the 2nd, 6 th , 7 th and 9 th days of the starter phase. Furthermore, emulsifier supplementation (p<0.05) affected the body weight on the 3 rd and 10 th day of the trial. Emulsifier supplementation also affected (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio on the 10 th day of the trial. However, nutrient digestibility was not affected by the supplementation of emulsifier in the diet of broiler chicks. Results showed that emulsifier supplementation should be started on day 10.

Four new molecules namely BsubPcM1, BsubPcM2, BsubPcM3 and BsubPcM4, are designed by subs tu ng different electron withdrawing groups as acceptor groups at boron atom (axial subs tu on) of subphthalocyanine i.e., cyanide 1,2,3,4,, 2-methylisoindoline-1,3-dione (BsubPcM3) and 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-yn-yl) benzene (BsubPcM4). Photovoltaic parameters are es mated through DFT by employing selec ve method B3LYP. Fron er molecular orbitals, Density of states, Optoelectronic studies, and transi on density matrix calcula ons are employed to characterize the chemical reac vity, charge mobility, open circuit voltage and maximum absorp on of all designed molecules. The reorganiza on energy calcula ons proposed that the electron mobility for BsubPcM1 (0.0093), BsubPcM2 (0.0077), and BsubPcM4 (0.0095) is smaller than BsubPc-Cl (0.0097). Furthermore, BsubPcM1 and BsubPcM4 carry the least value of hole reorganiza on energy (0.0042) and (0.0039) respec vely which is less than the Parent molecule BsubPc-Cl (0.0044) that symbolize the magnified hole transfer. Amongst all, BsubPcM3 has maximumr wavelength of absorp on (577.9 nm) with minimum bandgap (2.46 eV). The results show that axial modifica on of Boron Subphthalocyanine Chloride molecule is a promising pathway for the development of modified efficient D-A type materials for photovoltaic applica ons.