Mouthwashes are a very popular additional oral hygiene element and there are plenty of individual products, whose compositions are in a state of flux. The aim of our study was to investigate the compositions of mouthwashes and their functions, as well as to discuss their effectiveness in preventing and curing oral diseases and side effects. We searched for mouthwashes available on the market in Poland. We identified 241 individual mouthwash products. The extraction of compositions was performed and functions of the ingredients were assessed. Then, analysis was performed. The evaluation revealed that there are plenty of ingredients, but a typical mouthwash is a water–glycerine mixture and consists of additional sweetener, surfactant, preservative, and some colourant and flavouring agent, as well as usually having two oral health substances, anticaries sodium fluoride and antimicrobial essential oils. The effectiveness or side effects of several substances of mouthwashes were thoroughly discussed. We recommend not multiplying individual mouthwash products and their ingredients beyond medical or pharmaceutical necessity, especially without scientific proof.
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is mainly a problem of the female reproductive tract. It can occur in the oral cavity as well. Commonly HPV infections are subclinical, without any visible symptoms, and last no longer than 2 years. Usually the clinical manifestation of HPV infection is benign, but in some cases it can also promote malignant transformation. In the paper we have tried to estimate the prevalence of HPV detected in samples of oral leukoplakia (OLK), the most common premalignant lesions of the oral mucosa. Aim: To review the current literature to estimate the prevalence of HPV (HPV DNA) detected in samples of oral leukoplakia. Material and methods: We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that examined the prevalence of HPV in leukoplakia with HPV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction. Results: HPV positive cases in OLK ranged from 0% to 100% in studies. The overall HPV prevalence in leukoplakia was 6.66%. The prevalence of HPV 16 positive cases was 2.95%. The high-risk HPV prevalence was 5.16%, when the low-risk HPV prevalence was 3.32%. When dysplasia is mentioned, HPV was detected in 25.93% of lesions with dysplasia, compared to 37.14% among non-dysplastic lesions. Conclusions: Further studies should be extended also to include low-risk HPV and compare its prevalence with presence of dysplasia in leukoplakia. Besides, leukoplakia and other premalignant lesions can no longer be treated as one lesion.
Immediate self-replantation of an avulsed tooth is the best treatment choice, even without any other proceeding treatment. However, the healing process should be followed up to allow for the treatment of the early signs of pulpal necrosis and/or root resorption.
The aim of this paper is to present a technique to individualize root canal localization in teeth with calcified root canals using a digitally planned, 3D-printed endodontic guide. Root canal calcification is characterized by the apposition of tertiary dentin along the canal wall. The endodontic treatment of teeth with calcified canals is often challenging. However, digital dentistry meets these challenges. Merging CBCT images with an intraoral scan allows a clinician to prepare an endodontic guide. This article describes the clinical and digital workflow of the guided endodontic access approach in teeth with difficulties in terms of root canal localization due to post-traumatic pulp canal obliteration (PCO) and canal calcification in elderly patients. The path of entry into the root canal system was planned using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The template was printed on a 3D printer using transparent resin. During root canal treatment (RCT), the endodontic tool was inserted through the sleeve until the desired location was reached. The use of an endodontic guide allowed for minimally invasive RCT, avoiding the excessive loss of tooth structures. Navigated endodontics enables clinicians to perform RCT in a more predictable manner and allows clinicians to avoid iatrogenic complications, which improves the treatment prognosis.
Introduction: Nowadays, the final success of implantation is not only based on obtaining osseointegration of the implant but is also determined by achieving a satisfactory aesthetic effect of the soft tissues surrounding the implant, which can be defined as an aesthetic integration. The process of obtaining this aesthetic integration already begins at the stage of placing the healing abutment, which allows us to obtain the emergence profile necessary for our prosthetic reconstruction. Materials and Methods: The study used cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans of 51 patients. The measurements of the maxillary teeth (central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, and first molar) were performed from cross-sections of the individual teeth at the transition zone to design a custom anatomic healing abutment milled from zirconium and luted to the non-index Ti-base. Results: The obtained results allowed to design and create the shape of the anatomic healing abutment. Conclusions: The use of laboratory-produced anatomical healing abutments is possible and may allow to obtain the desired and planned emergence profiles of prosthetic restorations. In addition, it might be a method of reducing work time at the dental chair but further clinical trials are necessary.
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