The thermal, evaporative and wicking properties of clothing depend not only on the properties of the fabric but also on the thickness of air layers and the magnitude of the contact area and their variation. The aim of this study was to accurately determine the contact area and the air gap thickness between clothing and the human body in detail. These parameters were measured for a range of typical patterns of garments (tight- and loose fitting) covering either the upper or lower body and made of various types of fabrics (knitted and woven). The method consisted of imposing three-dimensional scans of the nude and dressed manikin and determining the distance between their surfaces by advanced three-dimensional scan post-processing. Due to this method the distribution of the air gap thickness and the contact area over body parts was obtained and this knowledge can be applied in models of heat and mass transfer in the clothing.
We present a new approach to yarn characterization and yarn tensile response based on fiber parameters such as strength and strain-at-break, length, and fineness. Yarn characterization is concerned with twist, linear density, and the ratio of experimental yarn unevenness to the Martindale's limit characteristic for spinning mills. Experimental strength results are compared with predicted ones on the basis of theory.
The differences in frictional forces acting between fabrics woven from filament yarns are dependent on the morphology of the fabrics and the rubbing direction. When one fabric is moved across a second stationary fabric and the projecting yarn waves of one of the fabrics is rubbed perpendicular to the yarn axes orientation, the Howell's characteristics of frictional resistance for the fabric and yarn have similar values.
The main purpose of this study is the selection of a proper fabric for the reference clothing for ergonomic tests of protective clothing. For research, seven fabric of different raw material content and different structure were chosen. We studied the handle of fabrics produced from blend of polyester/cotton and polyester/Tencel, which were designated by letters from A to G. The assessment of handle of the fabric was performed based on the mechanical properties of fabrics using Kawabata evaluation system (KES-system). It was proven that one of the tested fabrics (F) made of polyester and cotton fibers (85% PES / 15% cotton) with the reinforced twill weave is characterized by the highest total hand value (THV).The high THV results from the low value of koshi (stiffness) and the highest value of numeri (smoothness) and fukurami (fullness). However, in terms of physiological comfort, the lower value of fukurami is more preferred. It turned out that the fabric with the higher value of fukurami (including fabric F) is characterized by the lower air permeability and higher water vapor resistance. At the end, we decided that the reference clothing will be made of cotton/polyester fabric G with the lowest mass per square meter because of the very good physiological comfort parameters and the satisfactory sensorial comfort parameters.
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