Insulin resistance is the state of reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin. The frequency of this occurrence is increasing dramatically in developed countries. Both, environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Sedentary lifestyle and the excessive calorie intake cause the substantial increase of the fat issue, leading to overweight and obesity. Insulin resistance occurs physiologically during puberty, but it is also a pathological condition predisposing children to develop abnormal glucose tolerance, diabetes, hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome among girls. More frequent occurrence of metabolic syndrome can be observed among children born small for gestational age (SGA). The article presents the current views on risk factors, etiology, diagnosis and consequences insulin resistance and disorders of glucose tolerance.
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare, genetically determined disorder which is manifested with selective deficiency of erythrocyte line in bone marrow. Patients with DBA are diagnosed with a hypocellular bone marrow with a significant absence of erythroid precursors typically in early childhood. They require chronic treatment with corticosteroids and frequent blood transfusions, stem cell transplantation is also possible. For those., who don ' t respond to corticosteroids therapy, survival depends on blood transfusions. The most common complications of transfusional hemochromatosis are hepatic cirrhosis, cardiomiopathy and endocrinopathies such as hypopitiutarism, hypogonadism, hypothyreosis or diabetes mellitus. DBA patients, therefore, require longterm chelation therapy to avoid these complications.
StreszczenieRozwój cywilizacji i ciągła poprawa jakości życia prowadzi do zmiany w zachowaniach prozdrowotnych. Siedzący tryb życia oraz nadmiar spożywanych kalorii powoduje nadmierny przyrost tkanki tłuszczowej, prowadzący do nadwagi i otyłości. W ciągu ostatnich kilku lat problem ten stale narasta, stając się epidemią XXI wieku w Polsce i na całym świecie. Cel pracy. Porównanie stylu życia dzieci z prawidłową masą ciała oraz dzieci z nadwagą i otyłością. Metody i pomiary. Badaniami ankietowymi objęto 232 dzieci w wieku 2,5-18 lat (80 dzieci z prawidłowa masą ciała i 152 dzieci z nadwagą i otyłością). Wyniki. Stwierdzono większą częstość występowania otyłości u rodziców dzieci z nadmierną masą ciała (60,13%). Dzieci otyłe rzadziej spożywały posiłki w domu w porównaniu z dziećmi z prawidłową masą ciała (62,50% vs. 37,50%) i jadły nieregularnie. Częściej również próbowały zredukować masę ciała (34,87 vs.1,25%) stosując diety niskokaloryczne. Wnioski. Nadwaga i otyłość stwierdzana u rodziców ma duży wpływ na występowanie nadmiernej masy ciała u dzieci. Posiłki przygotowywane i spożywane w domu przyczyniają się do kształtowania dobrych nawyków żywienio-wych.Endokrynol. Ped. 2016.14.1.54.29-35. © Copyright by PTEiDD 2016Key words overweight, obesity, lifestyle Abstract Introduction. The constant development of civilization and the continuous improvement of the quality of life lead to a change in healthy behaviors. A sedentary lifestyle and excess of calories contribute to an increase in fat tissue, leading to overweight and obesity. Over the past few years, this problem has been growing steadily and becoming an epidemic of the 21 st century in Poland and around the world. Objectives. Comparison of the lifestyle of children with normal weight and children with overweight and obesity. Materials and methods. The study included 232 children at the age 2,5-18 years (80 children with normal body weight and 152 children with overweight and obesity). Results. There was a higher incidence of obesity in parents of children with excessive body weight (60.13%) and less physical activity. Obese children rarely ate lunch at home, compared with children with normal weight (62.50% vs. 37.50%), and and had irregular mealtimes. They more often tried to reduce their body weight (34,87 vs.1, 25%) using low--calorie diets. Conclusions. Overweight and obesity observed in the parents has a major impact on the incidence of excessive weight with children. Meals prepared and eaten at home contribute to the development of good eating habits.
Resistance to thyroid hormone due to defective thyroid hormone receptor β (RTHβ) is characterized by markedly elevated thyroid hormone levels accompanied by an inappropriately normal or slightly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. The most typical clinical manifestations of RTHβ (frequent occurrence of tachycardia, goiter, and hyperkinetic behavior with not often seen mental retardation or short stature) results from euthyroid state in organs where the affected receptor is predominant and hyperthyroidism where thyroid hormones act with the wild type of thyroid receptor β (WT TRβ). We report here an adolescent patient with signs of hyperthyroidism associated with RTHβ (phenotypic pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone, PRTH) and identified known mutation in the TRβ gene (G344E) previously described in this syndrome. Due to the presented symptoms, she required therapy and finally a dopamine agonist (bromocriptine, BC) was used. A cardioselective β-bloker (atenolol) was associated to obtain heart rate normalization. This safe and efficient BC therapy for RTH in a 2-year follow-up seems to confirm our therapeutic choice.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.