The anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of combinations of medetomidine (Me), midazolam (Mi) and butorphanol (Bu) were evaluated in dogs. The characterization of anaesthetic effects was assessed using a scoring system. The combinations tested were 20 or 40 micrograms/kg Me and 0.5 mg/kg Mi (20Me-Mi or 40Me-Mi) followed by either an intravenous injection of physiological saline solution (PSS) or Bu (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg). The mixture of Me and Mi was injected intramuscularly, followed 15 min later by an intravenous injection of Bu or PSS in all six groups. The combined Me-Mi induced deep sedation but not profound anaesthesia. The effect of the subsequent Bu administration was observed in the scores related to its analgesic effect. There were no significant differences between the two doses of Bu, following either 20Me-Mi or 40Me-Mi in the duration of anaesthesia, heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, and anaesthetic and analgesic scores except for palpebral reflex, and interdigital web clamping scores. Therefore, we concluded that the addition of 0.1 mg/kg Bu to Me-Mi elicits adequate anaesthesia with adequate analgesic effect, and side-effects such as bradycardia, hypertension, and slight respiratory acidosis in some dogs.
Two young dogs (a 4-month-old male French Bulldog, and a 4-month-old male Akita) presented with severe systemic pain involving bone resorption and multiple fractures. Other diseases characterized by bone fragility were excluded by clinical examinations, and so the dogs were provisionally diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta. In both dogs, the systemic pain resolved within 1 week after the start of diagnostic treatment with oral bisphosphonate (0.5-1.0 mg/kg), and bone unions were achieved in the multiple fractures. The two dogs have been in good physical condition without further fractures for 27 and 22 months, respectively. The definitive diagnosis of canine osteogenesis imperfecta is currently difficult because it requires genetic diagnosis. Diagnostic treatment with oral bisphosphonate is effective in alleviating potentially fatal symptoms in dogs with suspected osteogenesis imperfecta.
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