There is limited evidence about the inflammatory potential of diet in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) from 5 to 11 years with adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers in Mexican children. We analyzed 726 children from a birth cohort study with complete dietary information and measurements to evaluate adiposity at 5, 7 and 11 y and 286 children with IL-6, hsCRP, leptin and adiponectin information at 11 y. C-DII trajectories were estimated using latent class linear mixed models. We used linear mixed models for adiposity and logistic and multinomial regression for biomarkers. In girls, each one-point increase in C-DII score was associated with greater adiposity (abdominal-circumference 0.41%, p = 0.03; skinfold-sum 1.76%, p = 0.01; and BMI Z-score 0.05, p = 0.01). At 11 y the C-DII was associated with greater leptin (34% ≥ 13.0 ng/mL, p = 0.03) and hsCRP concentrations (29% ≥ 3.00 mg/L, p = 0.06) and lower adiponectin/leptin ratio (75% < 2.45, p = 0.02). C-DII trajectory 3 in boys was associated with a 75.2% (p < 0.01) increase in leptin concentrations and a 37.9% decrease (p = 0.02) in the adiponectin/leptin ratio. This study suggests that the inflammatory potential of diet may influence adiposity in girls and the homeostasis of adipose tissue and chronic subclinical inflammation in 11-year-old children.

No abstract

No abstract

To evaluate the association between breastfeeding and adiposity and cardiometabolic markers (CM) at age 4y, we studied children of Mexican women who were followed up to 4y. Anthropometry and breastfeeding information were obtained from birth‐4y (n=727) and cardiometabolic markers at 4 y (n=524). Breastfeeding (BF) status at 3 months was classified as exclusive or predominant (EBF‐PreBF), partial (PaBF) and non‐breastfeeding (NBF) and total duration of any BF (TDBF) was classified as <3 mo, 3 to 6 mo, >6 to 12 mo and >12 mo. We used path analysis to model associations of BF and adiposity (BMI, sum of skinfolds (SSF) and arm circumference (AC)) and CM (serum total cholesterol (TCH) and LDL cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglycerides (TG) and Insulin (In)) at 4 y. Children who were NBF or PaBF at 3 mo had higher BMI [0.46 kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.16‐0.76), and 0.31 kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.07‐0.54)], SSF [6% change (95% IC: 0.02‐0.11), both BF categories] and AC [0.97cm (95% IC: 0.33‐1.60) and 1.24cm (95% IC: 0.43‐2.05)], respectively, than EBF or PreBF (P <0.01). Children who were NBF had higher concentrations of TCH (8.02 mg/dl; 95% CI: 1.39‐14.64) and log‐In (0.07; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.13, mediated through AC) at 4y than EBF or PBF children. Children breastfed <3 mo had higher BMI, SSF and AC at 4 y than those breastfed for >12 mo. EBF and PBF at 3 mo and BF duration were associated with lower adiposity and cardiometabolic alterations at 4 y of age.