No-till broccoli farming over pearl millet: weed suppression and yield at consecutive seasons in the southern coast of BrazilCultivo de brócoli cero labranza sobre mijo perla: supresión de malezas y productividad en períodos consecutivos en la costa sur de Brasil ABSTRACT The pearl millet is a potential feedstock for biomass production under sensitive areas to climate changes, as the southern coast of Brazil. Looking for the sustainability of small-scale vegetable farmers on that region, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pearl millet as a cover crop on suppression of weeds during no-tillage cultivation of broccoli for two consecutive seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block with four treatments and four replications in split-plot design over time.Soil covering with whole millet; milled millet; spontaneous weeds (fallow) and conventional planting were tested; by they could causes changes in the community of weeds, either in the occurrence of weed species and in the accumulation of their biomass with influence on the yield of broccoli. The weed species density average over the two seasons, from higher to lower, followed respectively: Cyperus rotundus, Eleusine indica, Galinsoga quadriradiata, Cynodon dactylon, Commelina erecta and Amaranthus lividus. It was verified that soil covering with pear millet has altered weeds population dynamic and their biomass, being efficient in suppress the emergence of weeds. At the second season, the soil covered with whole pearl millet increased the yield of broccoli in comparison to the conventional system, being a sustainable technique for family farmers. RESUMENEl mijo perla es una especie potencial para la producción de biomasa en áreas sensibles a los cambios climáticos, como la costa sur de Brasil. Buscando la sostenibilidad de los pequeños productores de hortalizas en esa región, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del mijo perla como cultivo de cobertura en la supresión de las malas hierbas durante el cultivo de brócoli cero labranza durante dos temporadas consecutivas. El diseño experimental fue un bloque aleatorio con cuatro tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones en el diseño de parcelas divididas a lo largo del tiempo. Suelo cubierto con mijo entero; mijo aplastado; malezas espontáneas (barbecho) y la siembra convencional se ensayaron para comprobar si podrían causar cambios en la comunidad de malezas, ya sea en la presencia de especies de malezas y en la acumulación de su biomasa con influencia en el rendimiento del brócoli. La densidad promedio de las especies de malezas durante las dos estaciones, siguió respectivamente: Cyperus rotundus, Eleusine indica, Galinsoga quadriradiata, Cynodon dactylon, Commelina erecta y Amaranthus lividus. Se verificó que la cobertura del suelo con mijo perla ha alterado la dinámica poblacional de las malezas y su biomasa, siendo eficaz para limitar la aparición de malezas. En la segunda temporada, el suelo cubierto con mijo perla entero aumentó el rendimiento del brócoli en comparación con el si...
Partindo do pressuposto de que o território se constitui de um processo em construção, o artigo faz uma análise do projeto de ensino, pesquisa e extensão voltado para a implementação de uma horta comunitária em Vila Nova/SC. Trata- se de uma região do Município de Santa Rosa do Sul, situado no Extremo Sul Catarinense, caracterizada pela agricultura familiar, pela presença de assentados e pelo baixo capital social. O projeto buscou ampliar a qualificação no âmbito da agricultura familiar, dando ênfase às hortas comunitárias, com vistas a fortalecer o capital social e as redes agroalimentares alternativas em prol de um Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL). Em face do exposto, o artigo tem por objetivo efetuar uma descrição da experiência de implementação da horta comunitária, procurando explicar as lacunas e as potencialidades na construção dessa inovação, enquanto um embrião de um APL. Foram utilizadas diversas técnicas qualitativas de coleta de dados, tais como acompanhamento das atividades em diferentes espaços (comunidade, escola), interação com a comunidade e aplicação de questionários. Embora a dimensão territorial não tenha sido devidamente contemplada, em termos de intersetorialidade, o projeto teve êxito no fortalecimento dos laços sociais, internos à comunidade e junto às instituições locais. O capital social, a conscientização, o empoderamento e a auto-organização da comunidade foram sendo construídos e/ou ampliados no processo de implementação do projeto.
For its production, broccoli requires large quantities of nutrients in relatively short periods. As a conservation technique, the no-tillage planting of broccoli over the pearl millet straw in succession may interfere with the dynamics of nutrient release, inflorescence production and the chemical attributes of the soil. The objectives of this work were to evaluate nutrient cycling, broccoli production and soil chemical attributes in a no-tillage system in succession to pearl millet for two consecutive years. The treatments consisted of pearl millet (BRS 1501) with the straw maintaned whole over the soil, pearl millet with the ground straw, spontaneous plants with biomass maintaned on the soil and conventional system with soil tillage without cover maintenance. It was found that ground pearl millet on the soil surface intensifies the nutrients release rate and provides a less use by broccoli grown in succession. The continuous conventional system reduces the absorption of nutrients and the production of inflorescence of broccoli grown in highly-fertile soil. Pearl millet is efficient in maintaining potassium levels in the soil over broccoli crops in succession. The maintenance of whole pearl millet straw on the soil surface is a promising technique for growing broccoli in succession.
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