Vitamin D - anti-rheumatic vitamin - directly related to calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone formation. In recent years, it has been proven to be much more important because it also has an impact on cells of the immune system, heart, endocrine and muscle cells. Vitamin deficiency also involves mental illness such as depression and schizophrenia. For the synthesis of enough vitamin D it is necessary to have a daily, all year round direct exposure to direct sunlight for at least 20-30 minutes a day. The geographic location of Republic of Bulgaria provides the average annual sunshine duration around 2150 hours and it is about 49% of the maximum possible sunshine. However, the majority (58.33%) of the study participants had a "deficiency" in serum levels of vitamin D, snd there is also a large percentage of those who are less often outdoors.
WHO warns of global revival of measles. In the Ministry of Health in Bulgaria have been reported and confirmed 223 cases of measles by 03.04.2019. Measles is an acute infectious disease characterized by common intoxication, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract mucosa, specific maculopapular rash on the skin and respiratory complications. The causative agent of measles belongs to Paramyxoviridae family, Paramyxovirus genera. Live vaccines are most widely used for active prophylaxis, derived from attenuated measles virus. In Bulgaria, it is given to children aged 13 months and reimmunization at 12 years of age. The vaccine is also used in combination with a mumps and rubella vaccine. Vaccinated individuals acquire lifetime immunity. Mass administration of the vaccine leads to a reduction in measles morbidity to single cases. Despite the increase in measles prevalence and morbidity, young people are unaware of this disease and the possible complications after illness. There is a positive attitude to vaccines, despite growing global anti-vaccination.
BACKGROUND: The influence of the factors on Vitamin D as a health indicator in premenopausal and menopausal women is a significant subject to be investigated. AIM: The study uses the potential of classification and regression trees (CART) as a data mining method for medical type samples. METHODS: The data set is built by records of 84 indoor working women at the age of 45 to 67 years from five Bulgarian companies. The data are obtained through laboratory tests of serum concentrations of 25-OH-Vitamin D and a questionnaire, created for the study. Statistical data processing is made by descriptive statistics and the CART method. RESULTS: The results show Vitamin D deficiency in 69% of the studied women at risk from Stara Zagora. For the target variable – Vitamin D (the quantity of 25-OH-Vitamin D), a regression CART tree was built. The calculated percentages of normalized importance for each independent variable reveal that the most important predictors, affecting Vitamin D, are body mass index (100%), alcohol (84.2%), education (70.3%), coffee (70.2%), Са_Vit D (69.8%), and sports frequency (42.4%), while the other variables have much less importance. CONCLUSION: The application of the CART method makes it possible to study the distribution and importance of the factors influencing the state of vitamin D. The presence of such a high percentage of women at risk requires a comprehensive approach, including educational programs and strict application of guidelines for vitamin D supplementation to prevent the effects of hypovitaminosis.
Global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed major challenges to clinical laboratories, from initial diagnosis to patient monitoring and treatment. Some routine laboratory markers reveal a range of changes in patients with COVID-19. Among the most frequently observed are: increased levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-Dimer neutrophilia with lymphopenia and decreased platelet count. The aim of our study is to present the changes in the values of CRP, LDH, D-Dimer, number of Thrombocytes (PLT), Lymphocytes (Ly) and Neutrophils (Neu) during hospitalization and at the discharge of patients with Sars-Cov-2. Materials and methods: The object of the study are clinical laboratory results of 106 patients who underwent hospital treatment for Covid -19 in the "St. Ivan Rilski" St. Zagora, divided into two groups. The first group (Group I) is in the period November-December 2020, the second group (Group II) patients were hospitalized in April 2021. The values of CRP, LDH, D-Dimer, number of platelets, Ly, Neu from the day of the patient's admission to the hospital and from his discharge were examined. Results and discussion: In 100% of the examined patients in the first group CRP with values at the time of admission to the hospital (TAH) 88.70 ± 63.132 mg/L. LDH was increased in three of the groups in more than 90% of the patients, with the highest values of the enzyme being recorded in Group II at the end of hospitalization, 802.33 U/L (± 557.836). In the studied groups, we found significantly more patients with elevated values in both groups at discharge (Group I 49.12% and Group II 46.94%). The highest number of patients with thrombocytopenia was observed in Group II at the time of admission to the hospital, 26.53% (n=13). Conclusion: Quantification of these and other laboratory parameters could significantly aid the detection of at-risk patients and reveal disease severity. They represent objective and standardized criteria guiding therapy.
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