An integrated design tool for optimization of a floating wind turbine support structure of the spar buoy type, including mooring system and power takeoff cable, is described in this paper. The program utilizes efficient design tools for analysis of mooring system forces and vessel motions, and combines this with a gradient method for solution of non-linear optimization problems with arbitrary constraints. The objective function to be minimized is the spar buoy cost, and the mooring line and cable costs. Typical design requirements that may be included as constraints are: mooring line load limitations and minimum fatigue life, cable curvature radius, cable tension, tower top acceleration, and vessel motion and inclination. The spar buoy is modelled as composed of a set of cylindrical sections with different mass, buoyancy and cost properties, where each section is assumed to have a uniform mass distribution. It is assumed that a representative initial cost figure is available, and that it can be scaled in proportion with material mass. A simple relationship between mass and geometrical properties is proposed for both massive and thin walled tubular sections. Examples are included to demonstrate the various aspects of the optimization approach, including different parameterizations of the spar buoy.
We employed maturely developed methods and software, RIFLEX/SIMO/SIMA to look into the feasibilities of different floating tunnel/bridge design concepts. The global hydroelastic responses of two concepts, i.e. tether/pontoon supported hybrid tunnel concept and floating foundation supported girder concept and have been investigated. The distributions of maximum values of the deflection, bending moment and stress along the bridges under different sea conditions are presented.
This paper deals with the conceptual design of a floating support structure and mooring system for a 5MW vertical axis offshore wind turbine. The work is carried out as part of the DeepWind project, where the main objective is to investigate the feasibility of a floating vertical axis offshore wind turbine. The DeepWind concept consists of a Darrieus rotor mounted on a spar buoy support structure. The conceptual design is carried out in an iterative process, involving the different subcomponents. The present work is part of the first design iteration and the objective is to find a feasible floating support structure and mooring system for the DeepWind concept. The conceptual design is formulated as an optimization problem: Starting with an initial configuration, the optimization procedure tries to find a cheaper solution while satisfying a set of design requirements. This approach utilizes available response analysis programs for mooring system forces and vessel motions, and combines this with a gradient search method for solution of nonlinear optimization problems with arbitrary constraints. Two different mooring system configurations are considered: Chain systems with 3 and 6 lines, respectively.
Model tests for global design verification of floating production systems in depths beyond 1000m–1500m cannot be made directly at reasonable scales. Truncation of mooring line and riser models, software calibration, as well as extrapolation and transformation to full depth and full scale, are required. Here, the first two of the above three items are addressed. The paper emphasizes the important matters to be taken into account. The choice of proper procedures for the set-up and the interpretation, and consistent and well documented methods, are essential. A case study with a deep-water semisubmersible is presented. In general, good agreement between model test results and analytical results from time-domain coupled analysis of the floater system responses is found.
Field measurements of flexible riser dynamics are compared to stochastic time domain simulations using a state of the art finite element program for analysis of flexible risers.Discrepancies observed in earlier comparisons are explained by nonelastic behaviour of the flexible pipe. The nonelastic properties are in the present study modelled by a combination of nonlinear stiffness and internal friction. The resulting pipe model shows an amplitude dependent hysteretic effect, as well as a variable dynamic bending stiffness.The simulations show that both the hysteretic damping and the variable dynamic stiffness have a considerable influence on the dynamic curvature. It is concluded that the nonelastic cross-section model corresponds well with the actually measured behaviour of the pipe, and previously reported discrepancies are to a large extent eliminated.
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