1. Služba opšte medicine, Dom zdravlja, Jagodina 2. Služba opšte medicine, Dom zdravlja, Rekovac 3. Visoka medicinska škola strukovnih studija, Ćuprija 4. Služba za kućno i palijativno lečenje i negu, Dom zdravlja, Jagodina RECEIVED 29. 07.201407. . ACCEPTED 11.11.2014. SAŽETAKOsteoporoza je sistemska skeletna bolest koja se karakteriše niskom koštanom masom i pogoršanjem koštane mikoroarhitekture, što dovodi do povećane koštane fragilnosti i za posledicu ima povećani rizik od frakture. Procenjeno je da 22 miliona žena i 5,5 miliona muškaraca u Evropskoj uniji ima osteoporozu. Osteoporoza je asimptomatska bolest, simptomi su znak uznapredovalog oboljenja i posledica nastalih fraktura. Dijagnoza osteoporoze se postavlja na osnovu merenja mineralne koštane gustine (BMD) metodom dvostruke apsorpcije X zraka (DEXA), na lumbalnoj kičmi i na proksimalnom femuru. BMD se opisuje kao T skor i Z skor. T skor predstavlja odstupanje BMD pacijenta od srednje vrednosti BMD za odgovarajući pol i konstituciju, osobe 20-30 godina starosti,, izraženo u standardnim devijacijama (SD) . Osteoporoza postoji kada je BMD 2,5 SD ili više, ispod prosečne vrednosti za mlade zdrave žene (T skor < -2,5 SD). .Skrining vrši kod žena starijih od 65. godina i muškaraca starijih od 70. godina, zatim kod starijih od 50. godina sa frakturom na minimalnu traumu, kao i kod odabranih postmenopauzalnih žena i muškaraca sa faktorima rizika za nastanak preloma. Osteoporoza se može prevenirati i lečiti. Prevencija obuhvata sprečavanje padova, adekvatan dnevni unos kalcijuma i vitamin D. U tretmanu osteoporoze koriste se sledeće kategorije medikamenata: antiresorptivni lekovi koji usporavaju gubitak kosti-bisfosfonati, kalcitonin, denosumab, estrogen i selektivni modulatori estrogenskih receptora (SREM), anabolički lekovi koji povećavaju formiranje kosti-teriparatide kao i lekovi koji istovremeno imaju i antiresorptivni i anabolički efekat-stroncijum ranelat. . Neophodno je vršiti procenu terapije, merenjem BMD-a prvi put nakon 24 meseca Ključne reči: osteoporoza, mineralna koštana gustina, T skor, faktori rizika, prevencija, lečenje ABSTRACTOsteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which leads to bone fragility and resulting in an increased risk of fractures. It is estimated that 22 million women and 5.5 million men in the European Union have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is asymptomatic disease, the symptoms are a sign of advanced disease and the consequences of fractures. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual X-ray absorption (DEXA) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur. BMD is described as a T score and the Z score. T score represents the deviation of BMD from the mean BMD of the appropriate for gender and constitution, in persons 20-30 years of age, expressed in standard deviations (SD). Osteoporosis occurs when the BMD is -2.5 SD or more below the average value for young healthy women (T score <-2.5 SD). Skrining ...
Modern forms of addiction are present very much in adolescents today. Internet dependency is a form of addiction that manifests itself as an individual's state of affairs. The use of the Internet has become the most important activity in life in relation to other everyday tasks and activities, to this extent and in that way, to isolate him from other social activities and to bring harmful consequences both to himself and to his family and the environment. Characteristic cases in adolescents that occur are insomnia, family disagreements, delays in school, or the absence and neglect of school obligations, nervousness, fatigue, physical changes such as neglecting personal hygiene, weight loss or other obesity, and etc. The number of Internet users and their addicts is growing every day. With this research, we want to determine whether it depends on gender and age and to what extent does it exist among high school students.
SAŽETAKCilj. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi da li se dve grupe pacijentkinja, žene sa trudnoćom indukovanom hipertenzijom (TIH) i žene sa urednim tokom trudnoće, razlikuju u pogledu ispitivanih faktora rizika.Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Domu zdravlja "Šid" u Šidu, u Dispanzeru za žene. U cilju prikupljanja podataka neophodnih za istraživanje korišćen je anketni list koji je kreiran od strane autora studije. Uzorak istraživanja činilo je 200 trudnica, podeljenih u dve grupe. Prvu grupu činile su trudnice sa trudnoćom indukovanom hipertenzijom, kojoj je pripadalo 100 trudnica. Drugu grupu činile su trudnice sa urednim tokom trudnoće, kojoj je pripadalo 100 trudnica. Trudnice iz obe grupe odabrane su metodom slučajnog izbora.Rezultati. TIH se javila između 26-30. godine života kod ukupno 34% trudnica. Prosečna starost trudnoće kada je prvi put uočen poremećaj iznosila je 29,7 gestacijske nedelje. U grupi trudnica sa TIH, kod 37% njih indeks telesne mase (ITM) je bio između 25 i 29,99 kg/m2, a kod 38% je bio preko 30 kg/m2. Ukupno 35% trudnica sa TIH učestalo je konzumiralo slanu i začinjenu hranu, dok je 42% trudnica takvu hranu konzumiralo tek ponekad.Zaključak. Nisu postojale značajne razlike u životnoj dobi između trudnica sa TIH i trudnica sa urednim tokom trudnoće. TIH se češće javljala kod prvorotki, kod trudnica sa povišenim vrednostima indeksa telesne mase, kod trudnica sa smanjenom izičkom aktivnošću, kod trudnica pušača i kod trudnica koje su konzumirale slanu i začinjenu hranu.Ključne reči: trudnoćom indukovana hipertenzija; faktori rizika; primarna zdravstvena zaštita. ABSTRACTObjective. he aim of the research was to investigate if the two groups of patients, women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and women with normal pregnancy difered in some studied risk factors.Methods. he study has been carried out in Health Centre "Sid" in Sid, Serbia, at Department for Women Primary Health Care. In order to collect data necessary for the research the survey questionnaire was used that was created by the study authors. he study sample consisted of 200 pregnant women divided in two groups. he irst one included 100 pregnant women with hypertension. he second group included 100 pregnant women with normal pregnancy. he study subjects of two groups were selected randomly from the larger pool of pregnant women, which were followed regularly at the Department.Results. PIH occurred between 26-30 years of age in total of 34% of pregnant women. he average age of pregnancy when the disorder was irstly observed was 29.7 gestational weeks. In the group of women with PIH, 37% of them had the body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.99 kg/ m2, and 38% of women had BMI over 30 kg/m2. he total of 35% of pregnant women with PIH frequently consumed salty and spicy foods, while 42% of pregnant women such food consumed only occasionally.Conclusion. here were no signiicant diferences in age between the patients with PIH and pregnant women with normal course of pregnancy. PIH was more common in primiparous mothers, ...
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