The effect of proof over-pressure on pipeline structural integrity using fracture mechanics parameters is analysed in the case of pipeline in Reversed Hydro Power Plant, made of High Strength Low Alloyed steel with 800 MPa tensile strength due to special design requirements. To assess its structural integrity, extensive testing of the full-scale prototype had been performed, including hydrostatic pressurizing. Since plastic strain was recorded during proof over-pressurizing, special attention is given to the fact that this is actually a mechanism for crack initiation and propagation. To investigate this effect micromechanical modelling is considered, as well as the Failure Assessment Diagramme. It is shown that over-pressuring has potential detrimental effect on pipeline safety, i.e. structural integrity.
During the process of socialist modernization, initiated after WWII, large development projects in Serbia were the main drivers of urban transformation. Electrification and industrialization resulted in the establishment of new production modes, which defined a new socioeconomic background for the development of settlements and the modification of their functional and morphological structure. The construction of the Bajina Bašta hydroelectric power station, in the middle section of the Drina River in western Serbia, was one of the development projects, and it triggered the transformation of the environment, upgrading the prewar small town of Bajina Bašta into a new urban node, adjusted to the socialist imperatives and standards of progress.
In recent years, there have been numerous studies and pilot-projects both in Serbia and around the world, dealing with on-line learning. This paper analyzes the possibilities of online learning theoretically and empirically. The theoretical section presents an analysis of differences between traditional and on-line learning based on a review of the literature. The empirical study was carried out using a questionnaire distributed through various internet platforms in April 2020. The survey comprised 339 high school students in Serbia who attended on-line classes during the state of emergency imposed due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The data thus collected were processed using qualitative analysis. The aim of the study was to identify the advantages of on-line learning relative to the traditional model of instruction from the perspective of secondary school students, and to offer recommendations for further research and improvements in practice. The results of the study suggest that secondary school students in Serbia recognize the advantages of on-line learning in terms of time efficiency, the possibility to manage the learning process and improvement of the results of the instructional process.
Risk based analysis of reverse hydro power plant penstock structural integrity is performed using fracture mechanics parameters. To assess its structural integrity, extensive testing of the full-scale prototype had been performed, including hydrostatic over-pressurizing, during the design phase. More recently, the Failure Assessment Diagram has been used to evaluate probability, whereas phenomenological analysis has been used to estimate consequence, in the scope of common risk estimation. It is shown that over-pressuring has potential detrimental effect on pipeline safety, i.e. structural integrity.
The education system is facing the permanent challenge to adapt to the constantly changing states in science, technology, and economy, and it plays an important role in the overall society development and socio-economic progress. In order to establish a high-quality, efficient education system, it is necessary to develop the teaching staff competences in accordance with the innovations in the education field. The quality of the teaching process largely depends on the extent to which modern teaching methods are applied, which are, in the contemporary context, based on the use of the information and communication technologies in the teaching process (ICT). Following the technology advancement and the information channels transformation, the role of the teacher has changed, and in this new context the teacher is assigned with a new role of the “teaching manager”, or the leader of the teaching process. This paper shows comparative analyses of the relations between the teaching stuff ICT training and the organisation of the teaching process, when observed in traditional and online teaching settings. The research was conducted in Serbia in January and February of 2021, during the Covid-19 pandemic, and included the sample of teachers who work in primary schools (N=609).
The quality of the teaching process highly depends on teachers and their qualifications, and the teacher's role plays a very important part in the implementation of the new teaching methods. The results presented in this paper are part of the quantitative study which investigated the primary teachers' perception of the online teaching model that has been realized in Serbia during the COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison to the traditional teaching model. The paper aims to define and present the teachers' profiles, based on their preference for a certain teaching model: the profile of the teachers who prefer working in the traditional teaching model, and the profile of the teachers who prefer working in the online teaching model, or do not make any difference between the two, based on the professional data and their statements and attitudes regarding the comparison of traditional and online teaching models. It was assumed that the teachers with less work experience, more professional training and higher education level would generally prefer the online teaching model. For the research purposes, the specialized two-part questionnaire was designed. The first part included questions concerning the socio-demographic background, while the second part investigated the teachers' attitudes towards the characteristics of the teaching process in both traditional and online teaching models. The independent-sample t-test was used to estimate the influence of previous training on the choice of the preferred teaching model. The research was conducted during January and February 2021. The research sample included 609 examinees. The research results showed that the choice of the preferred teaching model depends on the self-assessment of the teachers' competencies required for the online teaching model, as well as on the duration of the training in the field of Information and Communication Technologies, as a part of the regular professional improvement training. The initial assumption was only partially confirmed by the research results.
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