Although oxidative stress is recognized as an important effector mechanism of the immune system, uncontrolled formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species promotes excessive tissue damage and leads to disease development. In view of this, increased dietary salt intake has been found to damage redox systems in the vessel wall, resulting in endothelial dysfunction associated with NO uncoupling, inflammation, vascular wall remodeling and, eventually, atherosclerosis. Several studies have reported increased systemic oxidative stress accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity following a high salt diet. In addition, vigorous ionic effects on the immune mechanisms, such as (trans)differentiation of T lymphocytes are emerging, which together with the evidence of NaCl accumulation in certain tissues warrants a re-examination of the data derived from in vitro research, in which the ionic influence was excluded. Psoriasis vulgaris (PV), as a primarily Th17-driven inflammatory skin disease with proven inflammation-induced accumulation of sodium chloride in the skin, merits our interest in the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PV, as well as in the possible beneficial effects that could be achieved through modulation of dietary salt intake and antioxidant supplementation.
Introduction: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic in ammatory disease, a ecting approximately 1-3% of the population worldwide. Psoriasis patients are more likely to be diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and hyperhomocysteinemia; however, it remains elusive weather serum homocysteine levels correlate to disease activity and duration of disease. e aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of homocysteine in young patients with plaque psoriasis naïve for conventional systemic and biologic therapy. An additional aim was to determine correlation of homocysteine levels with disease severity, in ammation, folic acid and vitamin B12 supplies. Materials and methods: 26 subjects were enrolled to participate in this case-control study, including 13 adult psoriatic patients naïve for systemic therapy, without comorbidities, malignancies and infectious diseases, and 13 healthy unrelated, age and sex-matched volunteers. e disease severity and life quality were assessed using standardized tools -Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), respectively. Venous blood was collected and processed for analysis of di erential blood count (DBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (hsCRP), serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid in the routine clinical laboratory. Results Studied cohort consisted of young participants with average age around 35 years. According to the PASI index, disease severity ranged from mild (2.10) to moderate (15.2). ere was no signi cant di erence in hsCRP and DBC levels between the groups. Psoriasis patients had signi cantly higher levels of homocysteine compared to healthy subjects, but there was no evidence of hyperhomocysteinemia related to psoriasis. All subjects had normal serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid. A moderate negative correlation was found between plasma homocysteine level and vitamin B12 and folic acid. Furthermore, homocysteine levels did not correlate to hsCRP, total leukocytes, and thrombocytes count, but did signi cantly positively correlate to ESR. Conclusions: e risk of cardiovascular diseases should be considered among all psoriasis patients, regardless of age and disease severity, but larger prospective controlled studies are needed to estimate the role of homocysteine in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in psoriatic patients. psoriasis, homocysteine, folic acid, cardiovascular disease
Aim To validate the Croatian translation of the Body Image Scale in breast cancer and chronic kidney disease patients. Methods The scale was administered to 172 breast cancer patients and to 89 chronic kidney disease patients. Measures of depression and anxiety were used to assess the convergent validity. Both groups were divided based on their treatment types. Results In both samples, the scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha 0.958 for breast cancer patients, 0.855 for chronic kidney disease patients) item-total correlations (0.72-0.88 for breast cancer patients, 0.46-0.65 for chronic kidney disease patients), and convergent validity. In the breast cancer group, the factor analysis showed a single-factor solution, while in the chronic kidney disease group it showed a two-factor solution. Good discriminant validity was obtained among breast cancer patients, with patients who underwent complete mastectomy scoring higher than patients who underwent partial mastectomy. The scale showed no discriminant validity among chronic kidney disease patients. Conclusion The Croatian BIS shows good psychometric properties.
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