Development of new cultivars and agronomic improvements are key factors of increasing in future grain yield in maize grown in environments affected by climate change. Assessment of value for cultivation and use (VCU) reflects the results of latest breeding efforts showing yield trends, whereby external environmental covariates were rarely used. This study aimed to analyze several environmental effects including stress degree days (SDD) on grain yields in Croatian VCU trials in three maturity groups using linear mixed model for the estimation of fixed and random effects. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) of location-year interaction showed no pattern among maturity groups. SDD showed mostly non-significant coefficients of regression on location BLUPs for yield. Analyzing location BLUPs, it was shown that the effect became consistently stronger with later maturity, either positive or negative. The effects of management might play more critical role in maize phenology and yield formation compared with climate change, at least in suboptimum growing conditions often found in Southeast Europe. To facilitate more robust predictions of the crop improvement, the traditional forked approach dealing with G×E by breeders and E×M by agronomists should be integrated to GxExM framework, to assess the full gradient of combinations forming the adaptation landscape.
Potatoes are grown in a wide region and in different environments unlike other crops, so it is known as one of the most spread world crops. In many agriculture areas around the world new genotypes are included in many multi-locational experiments at a large number of locations and years to determine the level and the stability of yields. However, there are a lot of problems with this traditional approach mostly due to the large number of genotypes that require consistent checking of every genotype at numerous locations and years. Multi-locational experiments require a lot of time and financial resources, and the possibility of error is greatly increased. In the present study we used the REML/BLUP 1152
Global climate changes have caused a significant weather oscillation. The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of weather conditions on the association of soybean seed yield and yield components, to find out the magnitude and effect of each component and their reaction to environmental stress. Seventy-four soybean varieties from nine geographical origins were studied during two seasons (2015 with less rainfall and increased temperatures and 2016 with increased humidity and moderate temperatures) at the Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs in Osijek, Croatia. Correlation and path analysis were used to examine the association of the studied traits. The variance analysis revealed significant (P<0.01) effect of genotype, year and their interactions on all examined traits. During both seasons the seed yield was in significant and positive correlation with seed number per plant, pods number per plant, seed number per pod and 1,000-seed weight. All the traits mentioned had a stronger correlation with the yield in the dry 2015 compared to the year 2016. The seed number per plant had the highest correlation coefficients and a high and positive direct effect on seed yield in both years. Therefore, the selection of high yielding genotypes based on this trait can be done directly regardless of the variable weather conditions. The hierarchical clustering of varieties resulted in eight clusters in both years, confirming high genetic variability of the examined varieties. In 2016 one cluster that mainly consisted of varieties typical for the breeding programs of this region was singled out.Keywords: correlation, hierarchical clustering, path analysis, seed yield, soybean, weather oscillation, yield component SažetakGlobalne klimatske promjene uzrokuju sve veće vremenske oscilacije. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su odrediti utjecaj vremenskih čimbenika na povezanost prinosa zrna soje i komponenti prinosa, ispitati jačinu i učinak svake komponente te njihovu reakciju na okolišni stres. Tijekom dvije vegetacijske sezone (2015. sa sušnim uvjetima i povišenim temperaturama i 2016. s vlažnim vremenskim uvjetima i umjerenim temperaturama) pri Hrvatskom centru za poljoprivredu, hranu i selo u Osijeku proučavane su sedamdeset četiri sorte soje podrijetlom iz devet različitih geografskih izvora. Za ispitivanje povezanosti proučavanih svojstava korišteni su korelacijska i path analiza. Analiza varijance pokazala je značajan (P<0,01) učinak genotipa, godine i njihove interakcije na sva ispitivana svojstva. Tijekom obje sezone prinos sjemena je bio u signifikantnoj i pozitivnoj korelaciji s brojem zrna po biljci, brojem mahuna po biljci, brojem zrna po mahuni i masom 1000 zrna. Navedena svojstva su imala jaču korelaciju sa prinosom u sušnoj 2015. u usporedbi s 2016. godinom. Broj zrna po biljci je imao najviši koeficijent korelacije te visok i pozitivan izravni učinak na prinos u obje godine pa se izbor genotipova visokih prinosa na temelju ovog svojstva može obaviti izravno bez obzira na pr...
Soybean is generally grown as a rainfed crop worldwide and very often is exposed to drought and high temperatures. The objectives of this study were to determine the performance and stability of 32 elite soybean genotypes for seed protein and oil contents across six dry and eight normal environments and to determine the influence of environment on the relationship between the two traits. In the combined ANOVA, genotypes (G), environments (E) and G × E were significant for both traits with protein content being more sensitive to environmental changes than oil content. Mean seed protein content decreased by 4.5% under drought conditions compared to normal ones and ranged from 2.3% to 7.1% for individual genotypes. At the same time drought caused a slight increase in seed oil content of +1.2%, with a range of −1.3% to +4.5% for individual genotypes. Genotype stability in terms of regression coefficient (b) and coefficient of variation (CV) was in moderate to weak negative correlation with mean genotype performance for protein content, while no correlation was observed between genotype stability and mean genotype performance for oil content. Protein and oil content were significantly negatively correlated in normal environments (r = −0.33), while no correlation between the traits was observed in dry environments (r = −0.02).
Wheat infections caused by Fusarium represent a global agricultural problem that reduces grain yield and negatively impacts wheat’s technological and rheological quality. Although fungal proteases or an increase in endogenous proteases due to Fusarium infection could negatively influence wheat storage proteins and dough performance, little research has been performed on either of these topics. The primary objective of this study was to identify the effect of Fusarium infection on protease activity in 25 wheat cultivars grown in two distinct locations in eastern Croatia. Apart from proteolytic activity, this paper describes the impact of Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection on the technological quality parameters of wheat flour and the dough’s rheological properties. The first treatment consisted of naturally grown, healthy wheat without fungicides, while the second treatment utilized wheat varieties subjected to intense FHB infection. Protein and wet gluten content in wheat grain and flour of uninfected cultivars were heavily influenced by testing location, soil type, and quality. Fusarium infection increased the activity of nonspecific proteases by 43% in flour samples from Osijek and 125% in flour samples from Tovarnik. Estimates of effect size showed that FHB infection had twice as big an effect on protease activity in Tovarnik as in Osijek, and a similar trend was found for dough softening. Moreover, the infection significantly impacted wheat cultivars’ extensograph values, indicating a lower resistance to stretching, extensibility, and total stretching energy in infected flour samples, indicating that dough functionality and volume loss can be attributed to exogenous fungal proteases. Still, the magnitude of the effect varied depending on the growth location and the cultivar’s traits. Multivariate data analysis identified three clusters of wheat cultivars, each with varying degrees of the Fusarium infection’s effects. Some cultivars displayed consistent protease activity and flour quality across sites. In contrast, others showed variability in their responses due to environmental conditions. To conclude, genetic resistance could provide adequate control of FHB, guaranteeing the successful protection of wheat quality. However, the possibility of confounding factors influencing genetic and cultivation conditions must be considered, and further research is needed to understand their interaction.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.