Studies of individuals under conditions of confinement or severe social and physical restrictions have consistently shown deleterious mental health effects but also high levels of adaptability when dealing with such conditions. Considering the role of physical activity and sport in psychological adaptation, this paper describes a longitudinal study to explore to what extent the imposed restrictions due to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 may have affected athletes’ mental health outcomes and how far the process of adaptation to confinement conditions is differentially affected depending on whether the sports activity was practiced individually or in a group, and outdoors, indoors, or both. Two hundred and seventy-four athletes were assessed over 7 weeks using the GHQ-28 and an ad hoc survey exploring the practice of physical activity. A mixed-model fixed effects ANCOVA was used to analyze the effects of time, place, and company in which the sport was practiced, with an index of the amount of physical activity expended as a covariate. Results show a significant effect of time in three out of four of the GHQ-28 subscales, in all cases showing a consistent adaptation to conditions over time. Results also show that playing sport indoors, outdoors, or both, and practicing alone vs. with others differentially affect the somatic symptoms exhibited during confinement: Athletes who practiced sport with others showed higher levels of somatic symptoms at the beginning of the set of data but a quicker rate of adaptation. Differences arising from practicing sport alone or with others were more pronounced in the case of indoor sports, which could be related to the fact that physical activity that can be practiced during confinement is more similar to that practiced indoors alone. Implications relating to what sport psychologists and other health professionals may offer to athletes in stressful situations are discussed.

Título: Versión Española de la "Self-Efficacy for Writing Scale" (SEWS). Resumen: La autoeficacia es un constructo muy utilizado en Psicología. El presente estudio se centra en el ámbito educativo y, más concretamente, en la adaptación de la "Self-Efficacy for Writing Scale" (SEWS; Bruning, Dempsey, Kauffman, McKim, y Zumbrunn, 2013), desarrollada para medir autoeficacia para la escritura. Participaron en el estudio 512 estudiantes (78% mujeres, 22% hombres) de tres universidades españoles distintas. Todos ellos completaron un cuestionario que incluía la versión española de la escala SEWS, además de la Escala de Autoeficacia General y la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Escritura. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio muestran que la prueba mantiene su dimensionalidad, con una varianza explicada de 65.86% y tres factores: Ideación (α = .90), Convenciones (α = .89), y Autorregulación (α = .90). Las correlaciones con la Escala de Autoeficacia General son elevadas, pero aún más con la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Escritura, sugiriendo este último dato que se trata del mismo constructo. Asimismo, se encuentra que los hombres muestran mayores valores de autoeficacia en la escala SEWS (general) y en dos de sus dimensiones (Ideación y Convenciones). Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados, señalándose las principales limitaciones del estudio y sugerencias de investigación futura. Palabras clave: Autoeficacia; Escritura; Escala; Adaptación; Español; SEWS.Abstract: Self-efficacy is a fruitful construct on psychological research, including the educational setting. The present study is focused on measuring the writing self-efficacy. Specifically, we translated into Spanish the "SelfEfficacy for Writing Scale" (SEWS; Bruning, Dempsey, Kauffman, McKim, & Zumbrunn, 2013) and assessed its psychometric properties on a sample of university students. Five hundred and twelve students (78% women, 22% men) from three different Spanish universities participated in our study. They filled a questionnaire that includes the Spanish version of SEWS, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Self-Efficacy for Writing. Results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis has shown that SEWS keep their dimensionality in the Spanish version (explained variance of 65.86%), being composed by Ideation (α = .90), writing Conventions (α = .89), and Self-regulation of writing (α = .90). The correlations with the General SelfEfficacy Scale are high, but higher with the Self-Efficacy for Writing, outlining that are measuring the same construct. We also found than men report higher values on the overall SEWS and two of its dimensions (Ideation and Conventions). Finally, we discuss the implications of these results, point out the main limitations of our study, and suggest further research avenues.

El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar e implementar un contexto de evaluación formativa sobre un trabajo en grupo basado en la autorregulación del aprendizaje a través de las prácticas beneficiosas que expone la literatura y los retos que se plantean de cara a la próxima década. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa a través de dos cuestionarios que midieron la capacidad de autorregulación y la forma de trabajar en grupo, con 88 estudiantes del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Los resultados muestran que la forma de trabajar en equipo reportada por los estudiantes no tuvo un impacto en la calificación obtenida en su trabajo. Por otro lado, una mayor capacidad de autorregulación en su estilo de aprendizaje y un mayor empleo de los criterios de evaluación resultaron significativos, alcanzando una calificación superior. No se encontraron diferencias en relación con la dimensión de evitación de la autorregulación. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y educativas.

The inclusion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the DSM-5 has generated controversy over its diagnosis, and it therefore seems necessary to establish a clear cutoff point to identify when excessive gaming becomes problematic. Such identification is especially difficult in adolescents and young people, who frequently dedicate a great deal of time to online games. The goal of this systematic review was to analyze the instruments developed to assess IGD in adolescents and young people since its inclusion in the DSM-5. We identified 13 studies which included validations of seven assessment instruments for IGD in adolescents and young people. Each instrument and its validations in different languages are described. In comparison to previous reviews, a lower diversity of assessment instruments, a reduction in the number of items and a more uniform form of measurement was observed, maintaining high internal consistency and good criterion validity. However, problems related to sample selection, the lack of sensitivity and specificity studies, and the establishment of cut points and profiles of gamers remain. Advances in the analysis of the psychometric qualities of the instruments and their validation in different countries are needed, and cultural differences should be considered in order to allow the prevalence of this problem to be compared.

Childhood cancer is a life-threatening disease and the cause of great stress for children who suffer from its diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to verify, through meta-analytical tools, whether children in active treatment for cancer differ in their psychological adjustment from healthy children. Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analytic approach. A fixed effects model did not yield significant results, suggesting that there is no evidence for a difference in psychological adjustment between ill and healthy children, inasmuch as the former seem to adjust as well as the latter. Some methodological aspects are also considered, including issues related to the definition of psychological adjustment and its operationalisation and to the relative scarcity of published articles in this particular realm. Moreover, suggestions for future studies are discussed.