In the contemporary society the need for assurance of technological and environmental safety of production facilities (PF), including hazardous ones, is dictated by technological development of the economy. This fact presupposes that the criteria of potential natural factors (geological, hydrological, meteorological) impact should be clarified during the design process. Insignificant number of available scientific generalizations of external factors impact on PF does not allow for making an initial protectability assessment of production complexes and adjacent areas. This research is aimed at developing a methodical approach to considering natural effects (including the extreme impacts) in assurance of PF’s technological protection and environmental safety in the areas adjacent to PF. The use of threshold probability of beyond design basis accident as the main probabilistic criterion is substantiated for decision making on whether to consider the external natural factors impact on PF or not. Along with it, is shown that the specified levels of probability of various natural factors occurrence should be revised upwards with account of detailed computations of accident scenarios at a PF. It is noted that risk management of PF exposure to external natural impacts should stipulate that monitoring of such factors should be arranged and carried out.
Some examples of suffusion processes in the urbanized territories, connected with the increased technogenic load of soil of the bases of structures and facilities of transport infrastructure are considered. Examples of suffusion development at the facilities of road infrastructure and at the projects of hidrotechnical construction are given. The reasons and regularities of suffusion processes development are revealed. Formation of suffusion holes is demonstrated on the example of the facilities of the largest megalopolis of Russia (Moscow), the city of Volgograd and the federal Moscow-Simferopol highway. The lack of proper consideration of this promptly developing process annually results in significant economic and ecological damage. The generalizing conclusions are drawn and the qualitative recommendations on prevention of suffusion development and minimization of damage in case of suffusion processes are made.
The matter of such a dangerous geological process as suffosion is briefly considered in the article. Some examples of destruction and removal of the suffusion unstable breeds on the contact with the concrete structure are given. Sone cases of vertical (downward and upward) and sloping streams in relation to a concrete construction are considered. It is proved that after the formation of the primary underground channel the suffosion process passes into the erosive one. This transition is smoothly and gradual, hidden from the immediate observation. However, the erosive process development leads to the repeated increase in the intensity of the incoherent soil destruction. In case of existence of soil removal zone, not only the large underground channel is formed, but also large cavities in the zone of contact of the concrete structure and the soil massif are formed. It quite often leads to the emergency situations. Studied the example of the Zagorsk PSPP-2 (ZPSPP-2). The development of the erosive process under the ZPSPP-2 building led to the formation of large cavities (up to 10 m) and to the general subsidence of the building of the plant and of the retaining wall 3 (RW3) on 1.17 m down.
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