A técnica de ensacamento da pêra japonesa, além de evitar a poluição ambiental causada por defensivos agrícolas, ainda proporciona melhoria na qualidade organoléptica dos frutos, reduzindo os danos provocados por mosca-das-frutas e grafolita. No presente trabalho, utilizaram-se as cultivares Hosui e Nijisseiki, cujos frutos foram ensacados logo após o raleio para evitar-se o desenvolvimento do "russeting" e o contato com insetos. Para a 'Housui', foi necessário um só ensacamento, ao custo de R$ 4.075,00/ha, considerando 110.000 frutos/ha. Já para a 'Nijisseiki', são necessários dois ensacamentos, resultando um custo de R$ 4.118,00/ha, considerando-se 73.370 frutos/ha. O custo aproximado do ensacamento em 'Housui' foi de R$ 0,04/fruto e em 'Nijisseiki', R$ 0,06/fruto. Mesmo sendo maior o custo do ensacamento para a 'Nijisseiki', esta cultivar obteve preços comerciais inferiores ao da 'Housui' no mercado brasileiro. O aumento do custo de produção devido ao ensacamento é passível de ser assimilado pelo produtor, desde que obtenha frutos de maior qualidade para, assim, vender os frutos ensacados com preços superiores.

No abstract

RESUMO -Foi avaliada a qualidade de frutos de pêra japonesa cv. Housui (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta) ensacados com diferentes tipos de sacos de papel e em duas épocas: 34 e 83 dias após a florada. O ensacamento não influenciou na firmeza, no teor de sólidos solúveis totais e no peso médio dos frutos. Sacos vermelhos não induziram aumento do pH da polpa, mas o uso de sacos duplos, sacos marrons, sacos de papel kraft marrons e sacos de pipoca brancos aumentaram significativamente o pH. Ao buscar-se maior precocidade de colheita, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o uso de sacos pequenos de papel manteiga aos 34 dias após a floração e o uso de sacos grandes duplos ou sacos grandes marrons, 83 dias após a plena floração. O ensacamento 34 dias após a plena floração, com sacos grandes de papel duplo de cor marrom ou sacos de papel kraft marrons, ou ainda o uso de sacos pequenos parafinados transparentes de papel manteiga, aos 34 dias, seguidos pela colocação, aos 83 dias, dos dois tipos de sacos grandes citados anteriormente, resultaram em frutos de melhor qualidade externa (película de coloração homogênea e mais clara, lisa e com lenticelas pouco salientes). O uso de sacos vermelhos de papel manteiga e de sacos de pipoca brancos, com ou sem ensacamento prévio com sacos pequenos de papel manteiga parafinado, não resultaram em melhoria substancial da qualidade externa do fruto. Termos para indexação: Pyrus, pêra japonesa, ensacamento, qualidade do fruto. BAGGING OF NASHI PEAR CV. HOUSUIABSTRACT -The fruit quality of Nashi pears cv. Housui (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta) have been evaluated after bagging with different paper bags at two bagging dates: 34 and 83 days after full bloom. The bagging did not affect the fruit firmness, the total soluble solids and the average fruit weight. Red bags did not affect the pH of the fruit flesh. However the fruit bagged with double bags of brown color, brown kraft paper and white popcorn paper increased the pH. In order to harvest precociously, the use of small transparent paraffin paper bags 34 days after full bloom or the use of large kraft paper bags of brown color and also by using small transparent paraffin paper bags at 34 days followed by the use of a double large bags at 83 days after full bloom, resulted in better fruit appearance (uniform, shine and smooth skin color with small lenticels). The use of red bags and white popcorn bags, with and without previous bagging with small transparent paraffin paper bags did not result on better fruit appearance.

-

THE QUALITY OF JAPANESE PEAR FRUITS HARVESTED IN TWO DIFFERENTS REGIONS OF SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZILABSTRACT -The study was conducted in Caçador (1067 units of cold-UF during vernalization) and São Joaquim (1999 UF) in 2006/07 and 2007/08 seasons, in order to compare the quality of fruits produced by different cultivars of Japanese pear, in two locations and harvested at different stages of maturation. The defi ciency in the quantity and quality of the cold during vernalization trigged the fl owering without the presence of leaves up to "J" stage in the cv. Kousui, affecting the initial development of the fruits. It also was responsible for a small number of fl ower buds per plant and a low quantity of fl owers per bud. Regions with appropriate amount of cold during the vernalization require more intense thinning due to the greater fruit set per plant. The harvest of fruits before they reach the ideal point of physiological maturity involves the production of fruits with lower weight, lower total soluble solids, hardiness and less palatable fruits. Harvesting the fruits after the point of optimum harvest may present physiological disorders such as the honey drop and the internal degeneration caused by pulp senescence. The content of TSS was defi ned more by the genotype of the cultivar, but for some cultivars it varied between years. The cvs. Housui and Kousui tend to contain higher °Brix than cv. Nijisseiki. Best commercial quality of fruits was observed in cv. Housui. The number of seeds per fruit varied between cultivars and years. The cv. Housui showed low fecundity when analyzed by the average number of seeds produced per fruit (<3.0); the cv. Kousui showed low fecundity in São Joaquim, but intermediate fecundity (3.1 to 5.0 seeds per fruit) in Caçador, the cv. Suisei showed intermediate fecundity, and cv. Nijisseiki showed high fecundity (> 5.1 seeds per fruit).

The pear tree is the only relevant fruit tree, from temperate climate, whose planting area is not yet fully developed in Brazil. It is also one of the least studied species in our country. This stagnation or unimportance is due to the low productivity and quality of fruit obtained so far, mainly due to the lack of cultivars with high quality fruits which are well adapted to the low hibernal cold conditions existing in the country. Other factors also contribute, such as the lack of information concerning to the performance of rootstocks, the inadequate control of pests and diseases, the lack of long-term fi nancing for the establishment of new plantations, the lack of availability of high quality seedlings; the defi ciency in the management of plants and the competition from other fruit trees of fast economic return such as the apple tree. About 90% of the pears consumed in Brazil are imported. In 2008, it was imported 139 thousand tons of pear at a cost of US$ 120.6 million (FOB). These quantities of pear represent the highest of the total of fresh fruit imported by Brazil: 54.8% in volume and 49.6% of value. Pears with high quality produced here supply only a small part of the market and only between the months of February and April. After this period, there are only imported fruit market, mainly from Argentina, Chile, USA and Portugal. Commercially, it is possible to divide the pear in two types: European and Asian. The European (Pyrus communis) pears are the most consumed in Brazil and have piriform shape and buttery fl esh when ripe, as example the cultivars Williams (Bartlett =) Packhams Triumph, Anjou, Rocha and Abate Fetel.The Asian Pears can be divided into Japanese and Chinese. The Japanese pears (P. pyrifolia var. culta) have rounded fruits. The Chinese pears (P. ussuriensis and P. bretschneideri) have more piriform shaped fruit and pulp less sweet and less juicy than the Japanese. The European pear production, of high quality, is concentrated in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, the Chinese pear (cv Yali), in Parana, Santa Catarina and São Paulo. Small planting areas of Japanese pear of high quality are located in Santa Catarina (about 131 ha),

-Pear is among the fruits of major commercial interest in the world and one of the most imported in Brazil. Brazilian production is very small and the fruit quality is low, due to production problems. The success of culture in the country, among other factors, may be linked to the choice of cultivars, pollinating and rootstocks better adapted to local conditions, and thus depend on the particulars of an agricultural zoning. The aim of this study was to identify, in southern Brazil, homogeneous climatic zones with potential for growing of European and Asian pears, through climate risk studies. The regions were defined by the seasonal availability of chilling hours (<7.2 °C) accumulated during the period from May to September and the monthly risk of drought. The analysis allowed the recognition of four homogeneous areas for the production of pears in southern Brazil. Index terms: agricultural zoning; Pyrus communis L.; Pyrus pyrifolia L.; reduction of climatic risks; adapted cultivars; climatic conditions. ZONEAMENTO AGROCLIMÁTICO DE PEREIRAS EUROPÉIAS E ASIÁTICAS COM POTENCIAL PARA PLANTIO COMERCIAL NA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASILRESUMO -A pera está entre as frutas de maior interesse comercial no mundo e é a fruta mais importada pelo Brasil. A produção brasileira é muito pequena, e a qualidade da fruta não tem padrão comercial adequado, em função da falta de adaptação das peras de qualidade às condições edafoclimáticas brasileiras. O sucesso da cultura no País, entre outros fatores, pode estar associado à escolha das cultivares comerciais, polinizadoras e porta-enxertos mais bem adaptados às condições edafoclimáticas locais, dependendo, portanto, das indicações de um zoneamento agrícola. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, na região Sul do Brasil, zonas climáticas homogêneas com potencial para plantios comerciais de pereiras europeias e asiáticas, por meio de estudos de riscos climáticos. As regiões foram delimitadas pela disponibilidade estacional de horas de frio (<7,2 oC) acumuladas no período entre maio e setembro, e pelo risco mensal de ocorrência de déficit hídrico. A análise permitiu o reconhecimento de quatro zonas homogêneas para produção comercial de peras na região Sul. Termos para indexação: zoneamento agrícola, Pyrus communis L., Pyrus pyrifolia L., redução dos riscos climáticos, adaptação de cultivares, condições climáticas.1 (Paper 223-15).

No abstract