Human impact on ecosystems makes it imperative to monitor populations of different fish species from various perspectives. The consequence of environmental impact on living organisms is the reactions of organs and organ systems, which find their reflection in pathological changes in the fish body particularly. Reactions in the fish body are the result of the combined influence of environmental factors and natural physiological processes associated with feeding, migrations, generative cycles, etc. The changes in the structure of organs detected in fish make it possible to assess the influence of the environment on fish. The research was carried out in the Volga delta, the Bereket (upper delta) and the Kostyl (lower delta) rivers. Reservoirs for research were chosen in such a way that they were subject to anthropogenic influence to varying degrees. Unfavorable living environment represented by pollutants increase the functional load on the liver. The research has shown an increase in the liver index in fish from reservoirs with a higher level of anthropogenic load. Metabolic functioning of liver cells is considered as an important protective mechanism against toxicants, while the associated transformations are somehow connected with detoxification. Histological preparations were made according to standard methods.
АннотацияЦелью исследования было изучение накопления углеводородов в мышцах и печени густеры дельты Волги. Произведено определение содержания углеводородов методом инфракрасной спектрофотометрии. Уменьшение среднегодовых значений содержания углеводородов в печени наблюдалось с 2014 по 2016 годы. В последующем содержание углеводородов в печени густеры увеличивалось. Показана тенденция уменьшения накопления углеводородов в мышцах исследованных рыб за рассматриваемый временной интервал. Содержание углеводородов в печени густеры в среднем в два раза превышает содержание в мышцах. Отмечено накопление углеводородов от лета к осени при содержании их в печени не менее 82,3 мг/кг. AbstractThe aim of the investigation was to study the accumulation of hydrocarbons in the muscles and liver of the Volga Delta white bream. The method of infrared spectrophotometry was used. The average annual content of hydrocarbons in the liver decreased from 2014 to 2016. Further, the content of hydrocarbons in the liver of white bream increased. The tendency to reduce the accumulation of hydrocarbons in the muscles of the studied fish was established. The content of hydrocarbons in the white bream's liver on average twice as much as in the muscles. The accumulation of hydrocarbons from summer to autumn was noted with their content in the liver not less than 82.3 mg/kg. Ключевые слова: углеводороды; мышцы; печень; накопление.
The article focuses on the intensive anthropogenic impact on the aquatic ecosystems, which makes it necessary to monitor the populations of different fish species. The method of mor-phophysiological indicators was used to study the kidneys of silver bream in different water bodies of the Volga Delta. The morphometric characteristics of the kidneys of silver bream are presented. It is shown that the reactions of organs and body systems are caused by the environmental impact on the living organisms, which results, in particular, in the pathological changes in the fish body. Reactions in the body of fish are the result of a combined effect of environmental factors and natural physiological processes related to feeding, migrations, generative cycles, etc. The detected changes in the organ structure make it possible to assess the impact of the environment on fish. The seasonal and sexual variability of the indices of the mesonephros of silver bream from the Volga Delta is shown. Analysis of the kidneys of fish from two water bodies showed the variability of kidney mass due to the anthropogenic load on the water body, in particular, an increase in the kidney index in silver bream Blicca bjoerkna was registered in the ecosystem with an increased toxic load. It has been stated that the increase in the relative mass of mesonephros was caused by the changes in the organ. Changes were detected both in the intratubular tissue, and in the convoluted tubules and renal capsules. The study helped to find the differences in the relative weight and structure of the kidneys of silver bream, which lives in the water bodies with different anthropogenic load. A real increase of the kidney index was found in fish from the water body with a higher level of anthropogenic impact.
Disorders in the liver are often accompanied by changes in its lipid composition. And since the liver performs many functions in the body, indicators of liver metabolic processes can reflect the living conditions and General condition of the fish body. The article provides information about some biochemical parameters of the liver and muscles of bream caught in the waters of the Volga Delta in different years. It seems that the causes of changes in the accumulation of lipids in the liver and muscles may be different factors (fish species, season, physiological state). Ultimately, the lipid content is determined by a number of processes. The complex of physiological and biochemical parameters proposed by the authors can be used to assess the degree of environmental stress on cyprinid fish.
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