Wind energy is a powerful resource contributing to the decarbonization of the electric grid. However, wind power penetration introduces uncertainty about the availability of wind energy. This article addresses the complementarity of remote offshore wind sites in Brazil, demonstrating that strategic distribution of wind farms can significantly reduce the seasonality and the risk of periods without generation and reduce dependence on fossil sources. Field observations, atmospheric reanalysis, and simplified optimization methods are combined to demonstrate generation improvement considering regions under environmental licensing and areas not yet considered for offshore development. Aggregated power results demonstrate that with the relocation of wind turbines, a 68% reduction of the grid seasonal variability is possible, with a penalty of only 9% of the generated energy. This is accomplished through optimization and the inclusion of the northern region, which presents negative correlations with all other stations. More specifically, the north and northeast of Brazil have large seasonal amplitudes. However, out-of-phase wind regimes with a strong negative correlation (R < −0.6) and high-capacity factors (CF) during the peak seasons occur in Jan-Feb-Mar in the north (CF > 0.5) and in Aug-Sep-Oct in the northeast (CF > 0.7). These complementary regimes allow for the introduction of the concept of Reserve Wind Power (RWP) plants, wind farms that can be viewed as “reserve sources” for energy security. These can replace the contracts of thermal reserve plants, with resulting economic and environmental advantages. Our analysis suggests that RWP plants can be 20 to 32% cheaper than thermal reserves in the current market.
There is no doubt that the wind was the renewable source of energy that had the most significant growth during the last five years, and more importantly, the wind power source in Brazil has always been the cheapest and most competitive of all the others, so it is worth saying that wind have never been so well used. The wind energy generation in Brazil is hugely getting stronger, mostly in Northeast region where for the first-time energy auctions trough hydroelectric has been surpassed wind ones. Besides, there are still those who want to benefit from this significant advance, making Brazil the first country to collect royalties from the wind. In this paper a reviewed about Brazilian wind energy scenario and prospects will be done, enumerating the main impacts caused by this kind of power injection in a static analysis. In addition, a Quasi-Steady Power Flow (QSPF) will be simulated to show the impacts of loss, and voltage fluctuation created by the intermittence of wind resource. Numerical evaluation was performed in IEEE-30 bus benchmark system. Computer results, demonstrated the needing of control to make electrical variations smoothly on different periods of the day.
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