Abattoir effluent quality assessment is essential in providing sustainable water resource management developments. This study was carried out to assess the impact of abattoir effluent discharges on the physicochemical qualities of a receiving watershed in an urban community. Some physicochemical indicator variables of the effluent discharge and the receiving watershed were determined using standard analytical procedure. Ranges of values obtained from the study were: pH ( 5.79 ± 0.66 -6.58 ± 0.46), electrical Comparative correlation analysis of the effect of abattoir effluents on the receiving watershed from the studied locations revealed significant positive and negative correlations at probability value (p-value) of 0.05 or 0.01. The study revealed that the effluents discharged from the abattoir facilities pose serious health and environmental risk to communities which rely on the receiving watershed as primary source for domestic or recreation activities.Keywords: Abattoir effluent; Pollution; Aquatic environment; Waste disposal; Water quality isoken.igbinosa@uniben.edu ABSTRACT 219

Samples of domestic sewage obtained from an estate located in Warri, Nigeria were analysed for selected pollution characteristics viz:Electrical conductivity (EC), Suspended Solids (SS), Dissolved Solids (DS), Total Solids (TS), Permanganate Value (PV), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).Values of the characteristics obtained in both wet and dry seasons showed that EC ranged between 220.6 uScm Values of the pollution characteristics show that the water is polluted. Treatment before disposal or reuse is necessary so as to prevent health, and environmental pollution hazards.

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➢ Global, fresh water crisis has been traced to: i. increase in industrialization ii. urbanization iii. mismanagement and iv. overuse of water resources (Michael et al, 2018;Erickson et al., 2003).

The functional relationship between BOD5 and COD was evaluated using domestic sewage samples collected from a sewage treatment plant in an estate in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Two types of samples were collected: raw domestic sewage,(influent) and biologically treated domestic sewage (effluent).The correlation coefficient ‘r’ between the BOD5 and COD was determined and values were 0.99 and 0.94, respectively for different sewage samples. The regression analysis carried out showed very strong correlation . The linear correlation established was: COD = 1.62 BOD5 + 15.82 ; r2 = 0.978; COD = 1.58BOD5 + 9.21; r2 = 0.878. Results obtained above were also judged as significant at 95% and 99% confidence levels. Confidence intervals obtained were: 1.53£ a £1.71 at 95% and 1.49£ a £1.75 at 99% for the raw sewage; 1.37£ a £ 1.80 at 95% and 1.27£ a £1.90 at 99% for the biologically treated sewage.

Increased global demand for freshwater far exceeds the quantity available for human sustenance. Wastewater recycling processes are necessary and capable of producing large volumes of water for reuse. In this study, raw kitchen wastewater was analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological characteristics before and after biological treatment and sand-bed filtration. The results revealed a reduction in the mean values of the following parameters: turbidity (from 6.9 to 6 NTU, a 13.04% reduction), conductivity (365 to 311 µS/cm, a 14.79% reduction), total dissolved solids (141 to 121 mg/L, a 14.18% reduction), total suspended solids (5 to 2 mg/L, a 60% reduction), biochemical oxygen demand (5.5 to 1.82 mg/L, a 66.9% reduction), chemical oxygen demand (36 to 32 mg/L, an 11.11% reduction), and total bacterial count (286 x 10 -4 to 16 x 10 -4 CFU, a 94.41% reduction). The kitchen wastewater was suitable for non-potable reuse. Biological treatment and sand-bed filtration rendered the kitchen wastewater useful for secondary applications such as irrigation.

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