Background: The adhesion of root canal filling material to dentin is one of the crucial factors in determining the success of endodontic treatment. However, the smear layer that forms during instrumentation serves as an interface that impedes the bonding mechanism of the filling material. A proper irrigation solution is required to remove the smear layer and provide a dentin surface that supports the bonding mechanism of the filling material in establishing good adhesion. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate and compare the bond strength of filling material with different final irrigation solutions. Methods: Mandibular premolars were prepared by a crown down, pressure-less technique and divided into three final irrigation groups (2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and 20% citric acid). The root canal of each tooth was obturated using epoxy sealer and gutta-percha. A two-millimetre-thick section of the apical third portion of each group was arranged for the push-out assessment using a universal testing machine in an apical to coronal direction at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Results: A one-way ANOVA test indicated the difference in push-out bond strength among the groups (p<0.05). A post hoc Bonferroni test presented a statistically significant difference in the bond-strength value between the 2.5% NaOCl group compared with the 20% CA group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The push-out bond strength of root canal filling material is increased by applying a chelating agent as the final irrigation solution where 20% of CA presents the highest push-out bond strength.
Introduction: Dual-species biofilm of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in dental caries has a higher viability or ability to survive in comparison to mono-species biofilm, consequently it is more resistant to antibiofilm. Mauli banana stem gel (MBSG) contains isoleucine, cinnamic acid, and another bioactive constituents that may work as antibiofilm, hence it is able to decrease the viability of dual-species biofilm of S. mutans and L. acidophilus. This research aims to analyze the effect of MBSG on viability of dual-species biofilm of S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Material and methods: This research is a true experimental research with post test only with control group design which divides dual-species biofilm of S. mutans and L. acidophilus into 12 groups with 4 replications. Group 1 are given 0.2% chlorhexidine gel (positive control), group 2 are not given any treatment (negative control), group 3 are the media control, and group 4-12 are given MBSG concentration of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 62.5%, 75%, 87.5%, and 98%. Each group is incubated for 72 hours, afterward is given MTT reagent and read using a microplate reader. Results: The result of Kruskal-Wallis (p=0,00) and Mann-Whitney test showed significant difference between all treatment groups and control groups. Conclusion: MBSG concentration of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 62.5%, 75%, 87.5%, and 98% are able to decrease the viability of dual-spesies biofilm of S. mutans and L. acidophilus.
Background: The improper irradiation process causes imperfect polymerization, so that the hardness of the composite resin, material strength, and color stability of the resulting composite resin are not optimal and water absorption increases. The long irradiation distance will result in the intensity of the light obtained getting smaller because the light can not reach the composite resin optimally and the degree of perfection of the polymerization of the composite resin will decrease. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the irradiation distance and the degree of conversion of the bioactive composite resin and to analyze the ratio of the irradiation distance of 0 mm, 1 mm, and 5 mm to the value of the degree of conversion of the bioactive composite resin. Methods: This research uses a true experimental method with a post-test only design with a control group design with a simple random sampling technique. Results: The results showed that the highest degree of conversion of bioactive composite resins was at a 0 mm irradiation distance of 38.57%, 1 mm irradiation of 36.02% and the lowest was at a 5 mm irradiation distance of 31.90%. Conclusion: The highest degree of conversion of bioactive composite resin is at a 0 mm irradiation distance. Keywords: Beam distance, Composite resin, Degree of conversion, Light intensityABSTRAKLatar belakang: Proses penyinaran yang kurang tepat menyebabkan polimerisasi tidak sempurna, sehingga kekerasan dari resin komposit, kekuatan bahan, stabilitas warna dari resin komposit yang dihasilkan tidak maksimal serta penyerapan air meningkat. Jarak penyinaran yang jauh akan mengakibatkan intensitas sinar yang didapat semakin kecil karena sinar tidak dapat mencapai resin komposit secara optimal dan derajat kesempurnaan polimerisasi resin komposit akan berkurang. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan jarak penyinaran terhadap nilai derajat konversi resin komposit bioaktif serta menganalisis perbandingan jarak penyinaran 0 mm, 1 mm, dan 5 mm terhadap nilai derajat konversi resin komposit bioaktif. Metode: penelitan ini menggunakan metode eksperimental murni (true experimental) dengan rancangan post-test only with control group design dengan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai derajat konversi resin komposit bioaktif tertinggi berada pada jarak penyinaran 0 mm sebesar 38.57%, penyinaran 1 mm sebesar 36.02% dan terendah berada pada jarak penyinaran 5 mm sebesar 31.90%. Kesimpulan: Nilai derajat konversi resin komposit bioaktif tertinggi berada pada jarak penyinaran 0 mm. Kata Kunci: Derajat konversi, Intensitas sinar, Jarak sinar, Resin komposit
Background: One of the causes of tooth nerve death or pulp necrosis is microorganisms, namely is Actinomyces spp. Ramania leaf extract (Bouea Macrophylla Griff) contains secondary metabolites, namely triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics which function to inhibit the growth of Actinomyces spp. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of ramania leaf extract (Bouea Macrophylla Griff) at concentrations of 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% against the growth Actinomyces spp. Methods: This research is a pure experimental (true experimental), with Posttest Only with Control Group Design. Antibacterial activity test used a paper disc diffusion with seven treatments, namely ramania leaf extract (Bouea Macrophylla Griff) with a concentration of 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, Chlorhexidine gluconate 2% as a positive control and Aquades as a negative control of Actinomyces spp were repeated 5 times. Measuring the diameter of the clear zone formed on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media using a caliper. Results: Based on the results of the Mann Whitney test, there was 1 pair of groups that did not differ significantly in inhibiting Actinomyces spp bacteria, namely the 25% concentration group with a positive control of 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, while the other groups had significant differences from each other. Conclusion: There is antibacterial activity in ramania leaf extract (Bouea Macrophylla Griff) against Actinomyces spp. Keywords: Actinomyces spp, Antibacterial Activities, Chlorhexidine gluconate 2%, Ramania Leaf Extract.
Background:Resin-based sealers are widely used because they have good physical and biological properties and form micro-retention in dentin. There are also non-resin-based sealers. A non-resin-based sealer also has good micro-retention properties. The bond between dentin and the sealer can be improved by removing the smear layer. 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA are the most common combination of irrigation solutions used to remove the smear layer. The use of 2% chlorhexidine after 17% EDTA at the end of irrigation will increase the antimicrobial effect and inhibit the activity of matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP).Objective: to determine push-out bond strength of obturation material with resin and non-resin sealers with 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and 2% CHX irrigation solution.Methods: The study used a true experimental method (post-test only group design). The treatment group (obturation with gutta percha and resin sealer; gutta-percha and non-resin sealer; gutta-percha only) were tested using a universal testing machine. Statistical tests using the Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitneytest.Results:Kruskall Wallis test showed that there were differences value of push-out bond strength in different obturation material with gutta percha and resin sealer; gutta-percha and non-resin sealer; gutta-percha only (p <0.05). The Mann Whiney test showed a significant difference bond strength between the non-resin sealer obturation group and gutta percha only group and between between the resin sealer obturation group and gutta percha only group (p<0.05).Conclusion:The use of sealer (a resin-based sealer and non-resin-based sealer) and 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and 2% CHX as irrigation solution can increase the bond strength of the obturation material. Keywords:bond strength, non-resin based sealer, resin based sealer. ABSTRAKLatarbelakang:Sealerberbahandasar resin banyakdigunakankarenadapatmembentukretensimikro pada dentin. Sealer non-resin juga memilikisifatretensimikro yang baik. Ikatan dentin dan sealerdapatditingkatkandenganmenghilangkansmear layer. NaOCl 2,5% dan EDTA17% adalahkombinasilarutanirigasi yang umumdigunakan. Penggunaanchlorhexidine 2% setelah EDTA 17% pada akhiririgasiakanmeningkatkanefekantimikroba dan menghambataktivitasmatrix metallo-proteinase (MMP). Tujuan:untukmenentukankekuatanikatanpush-outsealer resin dan non-resin denganNaOCl 2,5%, EDTA 17% dan CHX 2%. Metode:Penelitianinimenggunakanmetodeeksperimenmurni (post-test only group design). Kelompokperlakuan (gutta percha dan sealer resin; gutta percha dan sealer non-resin; gutta perchasaja) diujimenggunakanuniversal testing machine. Uji statistikmenggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Uji Kruskall Wallismenunjukkanadaperbedaannilaikekuatanperlekatanpush-outbahanobturasi yang berbedadengangutta percha dan sealer resin; gutta-percha dan sealer non-resin; hanyagutta-percha (p <0,05). Uji Mann Whitneymenunjukkanperbedaankekuatanperlekatan yang signifikanantarakelompoksealer non-resin dibandingkankelompoktanpasealer dankelompoksealer resin dibandingkankelompoktanpasealer (p <0,05). Kesimpulan:Penggunaansealer dan penggunaanNaOCl 2,5%, EDTA 17%, dan 2% CHX sebagailarutanirigasidapatmeningkatkankekuatanperlekatanbahanobturasi. Kata kunci:kekuatanperlekatan, sealer non-resin, sealer resin.
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