A dropping nitrification reactor was proposed as a low-cost and energy-saving option for the removal of NH4+-N from contaminated groundwater. The objectives of this study were to investigate NH4+-N removal performance and the nitrogen removal pathway and to characterize the microbial communities in the reactor. Polyolefin sponge cubes (10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm) were connected diagonally in a nylon thread to produce 1 m long dropping nitrification units. Synthetic groundwater containing 50 mg L−1 NH4+-N was added from the top of the hanging units at a flow rate of 4.32 L day−1 for 56 days. Nitrogen-oxidizing microorganisms in the reactor removed 50.8–68.7% of the NH4+-N in the groundwater, which was aerated with atmospheric oxygen as it flowed downwards through the sponge units. Nitrogen transformation and the functional bacteria contributing to it were stratified in the sponge units. Nitrosomonadales-like AOB predominated and transformed NH4+-N to NO2−-N in the upper part of the reactor. Nitrospirales-like NOB predominated and transformed NO2−-N to NO3−-N in the lower part of the reactor. The dropping nitrification reactor could be a promising technology for oxidizing NH4+-N in groundwater and other similar contaminated wastewaters.

Abstract:It is important to determine the effect of changing environmental conditions on the microbial kinetics for design and modeling of biological treatment processes. In this research, the kinetics of ammonia oxidation by nitrifying process bacteria under varying pH and temperature conditions are studied.

Nitrate removal in groundwater was carried out by biological method of denitrification process. The denitrification and without denitrification were performed in two different sets of reactors. Each reactor consists of two columns connected in series packed with over burnt bricks as media. The filtration rate varied from 5.3 to 52.6 m/day for denitrification process. The ammonia, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen concentrations were measured at inlet, intermediate ports and outlet. The temperature varied from 10 to 30°C at 2˚C intervals. The results demonstrated that high amount of nitrate nitrogen removed in groundwater at denitrification process. The nitrate nitrogen removed by denitrification varied from 3.50 to 39.08 gm/m 3 /h at influent concentration from 6.32 to 111.04 gm/m 3 /h. Denitrification was found more significant above 16˚C.

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