A literary work is not an object that stands by itself and offers the same view to each reader in each period, therefore literary works are always actualized and finally achieve a new existence. This study aims to describe (1) the actualisation of women’s role in the Bertolt Brecht’s and the Nano Riantiarno’s plays and (2 Nano Riantiarno's horizon of expectation. The data sources for this study are Brecht’s play Die Dreigroschenoper and Riantiarno’s play Opera Ikan Asin. The research approach is a reception approach. Data analysis was performed by conducting a comparative analysis of the actualization of the women’s role in two dramas and historical analysis to find Riantiarno’s horizon of expectation. The results showed that the actualization of women’s role appeared in activeness and independence at work, as well as firmness, and calm in dealing with problems. Riantiarno's horizon of expectation appears in his pre-experience about the women’s role, the implicit relationship with previous literary works that discusses the women’s role, and the opposition between fiction and reality, poetic and practical language in two plays. Riantiarno’s actualization of the women’s role in Opera Ikan Asin is influenced by the horizon of expectation and Zeitgeist (the soul of a different era). Keywords: women’s role, play, feminism, horizon of expectation, Zeitgeist
Improving teacher competence is important in learning German. To improve the quality of learning German, the Devotion Team at the Department of German Language Education FBS-UNY held a Classroom Action Research training for German language teachers who are members of the Indonesian German Teacher Association (IGBJI). This Community Service Activity is realized in the form of a 32-hour training (workshop) which is divided into 3 meeting sessions. First session contains an explanation of the theories and methods of Classroom Action Research. Meanwhile, second session contains mentoring activities to find research ideas, and last Session contains presentations of research proposals from selected participants. This training activity is carried out entirely online using the Zoom application. Classroom Action Research training activities can be carried out properly and get the results as planned. The attendance rate of registered participants is in the good category. Average attendance of 50 people per session (69.4%) of the total 72 registrants. Participation of participants in the discussion is also good. At the end of the activity, 23 Classroom Action Research proposals were produced. Thus, German teachers are able to apply the results of this activity by observing the state of learning German in their respective schools and taking scientific steps to carry out action research.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan perkembangan kepribadian tokohFriedrich Mergel sebagai dampak lingkungan dalam NovelleDie Judenbuche karya Annetevon Dröste Hulshoff.Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakanpendekatan psikologis. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kepribadianFriedrich dipengaruhi oleh tiga hal yaitu seleksi alam, praktik budaya berupa kontrolsosial, dansejarah seseorang atas penguatan (reinforcement) yang diterima. Perkembangankepribadian Friedrich terbagi dalam beberapa fase kehidupan Friedrich, yakni pada masakecil Friedrich, saat kematian ayahnya, saat Friedrich diadopsi Simon Semmler, ketikaterlibat atas kematian Brandis, saat pembunuhan terhadap Aaron, serta saat Friedrichkembali dan bunuh diri. Dalam keenam fase tersebut, ketiga faktor yangmembentukkepribadian seseorang, yakni seleksi alam, praktik budaya berupa kontrol sosial, danpenguatan (reinforcement) pada diri Friedrich, saling memberikan pengaruh dan berkaitansatu sama lain.Kata kunci: perkembangan kepribadian, psikologisastra, Novelle Die Judenbuche
This article aims to reveal how Riantiarno's horizon of expectation before reading the play Die Dreigroschenoper affects the results of his actualization in his play Opera Ikan Asin. The method that being used here is comparison and literature study method. The results show that not all of Riantiarno’s expectation were fullfiled. To fullfill the horizon of expectation, Riantiarno makes and adjustment. The unfulfillment in terms of theater norms have led to the inclusion of traditional elements into the play Opera Ikan Asin. Therefore, Brecht's play Die Dreigroschenoper gets Riantiarno closer to the tradition.
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