The role that the pattern of vessel wall growth plays in determining pressure-lumen area (P-A) and pressure-compliance curves was examined. A P-A vessel model was developed that encompasses the complete range of pressure, including negative values, and accounts for size given the fixed length, nonlinear elastic wall properties, constant wall area, and collapse. Data were obtained from excised canine carotid and femoral arteries, jugular veins, and elastic tubing. The mean error of estimate was 8 mmHg for all vessels studied and 2 mmHg for blood vessels. The P-A model was employed to examine two patterns of arterial wall thickening, outward growth and remodeling (constant wall area), under the assumption of constant wall properties. The model predicted that only outward wall growth resets compliance such that it increases at a given arterial pressure, explaining previously contradictory data. In addition, it was found that outward wall growth increases the lumen area between normal and high pressures. Remodeling resulted in lumen narrowing and a decrease in compliance for positive pressures.
The results indicate that WAY-123,398 is an effective and specific class III agent devoid of class I activity, and suggest that WAY-123,398 prolongs cardiac repolarisation by specifically blocking the delayed rectifier current (IK). The block was unchanged over a range of frequencies and duration of depolarisation, showing no evidence of "reverse use dependence" of block.
The association between continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from angiodysplasia is well recognized. However, the association between continuous-flow biventricular assist devices (CF-BIVADs) and bleeding angiodysplasia is less understood. We report a case of GI bleeding from a patient with a CF-BIVAD. The location of GI bleeding was identified by nuclear red blood cell bleeding scan. The vascular malformation leading to the bleed was identified and localized on angiography and then by pathology. The intensity of bleeding, reflected by number of units of packed red blood cells needed for normalization of hemoglobin, as well as the time to onset of bleeding after transplantation, are similar to that seen in the literature for CF-LVADs and pulsatile BIVADs. While angiography only detected a dilated late draining vein, pathology demonstrated the presence of both arterial and venous
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