Transmural pressure-area relation for veins and arteries

Drzewiecki, G.; Moubarak, Issam

doi:10.1109/nebc.1988.19403

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A more complete description of the collapse behaviour of arteries can be obtained from transmural pressure/cross-sectional area (P t /Csa) graphs, a concept that has been applied to thin-walled rubber tubes (Bertram 1987), veins (Moreno et al 1970, Bassez et al 2001 and arteries (Drzewiecki and Moubarak 1988). These curves may be derived from experiments similar in layout to those described above, the only difference being that, instead of measuring the transmural pressure (P t ) at which closure or re-opening of the artery occurs, the crosssectional area (Csa) of the artery is measured over a range of transmural pressures, often from physiological pressures (e.g., transmural pressure >100 mmHg) down to the closing pressure.…”

Section: Transmural Pressure/cross-sectional Area Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the artery, a significant reduction in cross-sectional area occurs as zero transmural pressure is approached. The nonlinear elastic modulus of the composite arterial wall is primarily responsible for this phenomenon (Drzewiecki et al 1985). As the transmural pressure approaches zero, the Young's modulus of the arterial wall approaches a low value, that of elastin itself (Bank et al 1999), resulting in a very compliant structure at these pressures.…”

Section: Transmural Pressure/cross-sectional Area Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudo-hypertension and arterial stiffness: a review

et al. 2004

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Hypertension is a condition of persistently elevated blood pressure, associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Non-invasive BP measurement using Korotkoff sounds is the most common method of screening for the condition. The possibility of inaccurate readings leading to a false diagnosis of hypertension (pseudo-hypertension) is of concern. Stiffened arteries in the elderly have been proposed as being the primary cause of pseudo-hypertension. Non-invasive detection of pseudo-hypertension remains problematic. This paper reviews clinical literature on pseudo hypertension and approaches to measuring the compressive stiffness of arteries, as well as biomechanical literature regarding models of arterial stiffness and the origin of Korotkoff sounds. Models of the latter show the importance of the relationship between transmural pressure and cross-sectional area (P1/Csa curve) of the brachial artery as it closes under the influence of the pressure cuff. The review concludes that future research on pseudo-hypertension should include development of new instrumentation to measure the P1/Csa curve of the brachial artery in vivo using non-invasive techniques suitable for application to an elderly population.

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Section: Transmural Pressure/cross-sectional Area Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transmural Pressure/cross-sectional Area Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-hypertension and arterial stiffness: a review

et al. 2004

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“…The constitutive properties of the arterial wall, which describe the mechanical characteristics (vessel radius-transmural pressure relationship), were taken from the experimental data for arteries in [13] (Figure 2(b)). These data were modified to ensure that the radius ratio .R=R 0 / is unity when the transmural pressure is zero.…”

Section: Blood Flow Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of the foot Part 2: A coupled solid–fluid model to investigate blood transport in the pathologic foot

Mithraratne

Hunter

et al. 2012

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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A coupled computational model of the foot consisting of a three-dimensional soft tissue continuum and a one-dimensional (1D) transient blood flow network is presented in this article. The primary aim of the model is to investigate the blood flow in major arteries of the pathologic foot where the soft tissue stiffening occurs. It has been reported in the literature that there could be up to about five-fold increase in the mechanical stiffness of the plantar soft tissues in pathologic (e.g. diabetic) feet compared with healthy ones. The increased stiffness results in higher tissue hydrostatic pressure within the plantar area of the foot when loaded. The hydrostatic pressure acts on the external surface of blood vessels and tend to reduce the flow cross-section area and hence the blood supply. The soft tissue continuum model of the foot was modelled as a tricubic Hermite finite element mesh representing all the muscles, skin and fat of the foot and treated as incompressible with transversely isotropic properties. The details of the mechanical model of soft tissue are presented in the companion paper, Part 1. The deformed state of the soft tissue continuum because of the applied ground reaction force at three foot positions (heel-strike, midstance and toe-off) was obtained by solving the Cauchy equations based on the theory of finite elasticity using the Galerkin finite element method. The geometry of the main arterial network in the foot was represented using a 1D Hermite cubic finite element mesh. The flow model consists of 1D Navier-Stokes equations and a nonlinear constitutive equation to describe vessel radius-transmural pressure relation. The latter was defined as the difference between the fluid and soft tissue hydrostatic pressure. Transient flow governing equations were numerically solved using the two-step Lax-Wendroff finite difference method. The geometry of both the soft tissue continuum and arterial network is anatomically-based and was developed using the data derived from visible human images and magnetic resonance images of a healthy male volunteer. Simulation results reveal that a two-fold increase in tissue stiffness leads to about 28% reduction in blood flow to the affected region.

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“…This is reflected in the shape of the P t /Csa curve by a curvilinear reduction in cross-sectional area as zero transmural pressure is approached. As a result, the maximum compliance of arteries occurs at a region close to zero transmural pressure (Drzewiecki et al 1985). Models of Korotkoff sound production show that arterial compliance has implications for the characteristics of the sounds produced during blood pressure measurements (Drzewiecki et al 1989).…”

Section: The Transmural Pressure/cross-sectional Area (P T /Csa) Rela...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, it is desirable to access an arterial site where the normal flow of blood can be temporarily suspended thus preventing errors arising from pressure differences between the point of collapse and the point of measurement. This approach has similarities to in vitro studies of the collapse behaviour of thin-walled tubes and blood vessels (Bassez et al 2001, Drzewiecki andMoubarak 1988), and is the approach taken in this study.…”

Section: Measurement Of Vascular P T /Csa Relationships In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression of the brachial arteryin vivo

Foran¹,

Sheahan²

2004

Physiol. Meas.

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Stiffening of the brachial artery is implicated in pseudo-hypertension. To date, a reliable clinical predictor of the condition has not been developed. This paper describes the development of prototype instrumentation and methodology for measurement of the brachial artery transmural pressure/cross-sectional area relationship in vivo. The methodology has been validated using a model of an arm and a thin-walled rubber tube. Application of the technique to a healthy subject shows that the technique is viable and gives good reproducibility. Closure of the brachial artery with reducing transmural pressure is observed and recorded. The new technique has some important advantages over existing methodologies.

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Transmural pressure-area relation for veins and arteries

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Pseudo-hypertension and arterial stiffness: a review

Pseudo-hypertension and arterial stiffness: a review

Mechanics of the foot Part 2: A coupled solid–fluid model to investigate blood transport in the pathologic foot

Compression of the brachial arteryin vivo

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